نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارائه روشی برای کمی سازی تغییرات آشفتگی مکانی بر پایه سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران در دوره زمانی1369- 1393)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

آشفتگی، نتیجه تبدیل سیمای سرزمین به قطعات کوچکتر با ارتباطات کمتر است که کاهش پایداری آن را در پی دارد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارایه روشی برای کمی سازی تغییرات آشفتگی مکانی اراضی جنگلی که اصلی ترین پوشش منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران است، بر پایه سنجه های سیمای سرزمین در یک دوره زمانی می باشد. در همین راستا از تصاویر ماهواره لندست برای تهیه نقشه های کاربری اراضی سال های 1369 و 1393 استفاده شد. برای تعیین مساحت بهینه پهنه ها، در 10 نقطه تصادفی روی نقشه پوشش سرزمین سال 1393 پهنه هایی با مساحت‌های مختلف انتخاب و با رسم منحنی نتایج سنجه ها در مساحت‌های فوق، اندازه بهینه تعیین شد. سپس برای کمی سازی عناصر سیمای سرزمین، سنجه های شکل، بزرگی، تعداد، تراکم، چگونگی پراکنش و همجواری محاسبه شدند. پس از محاسبه سنجه ها مقدار آن ها به روش انحراف معیار استاندارد سازی و وارد تحلیل PCA شد تا سنجه های تاثیرگذار در آشفتگی بر اساس مقادیر ویژه آن ها گروه بندی شوند. سپس بر اساس میزان بارعاملی هر یک از سنجه ها، نقشه های آشفتگی برای هر یک از مقاطع زمانی ایجاد شد. بر اساس نتایج، در هر دو مقطع زمانی، بیشترین آشفتگی (طبقه آشفتگی زیاد) در اطراف مناطق مسکونی و کشاورزی و کمترین آشفتگی در مناطق کوهستانی و دور از دسترس که عمدتا جنگل های پیوسته و متراکم اند، مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد میزان آشفتگی در سال 1393 افزایش یافته است، که تغییرکاربری از جنگل به مرتع با مساحت 170/24 هکتار بیشترین سهم را در افزایش آشفتگی داشته است. روش معرفی شده در این مطالعه می تواند در راستای ارزیابی، برنامه ریزی و مدیریت مناطق ویژه اکولوژیکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Approach for Quantifying the Spatial Disturbance Variations Based on Landscape Metrics (Case Study: Arasbaran Protected Area during 1990-2014)

نویسندگان [English]

  • vahid nasiri 1
  • mahan ghorbani 1

1 Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2

چکیده [English]

The disturbance, is the result of the landscape conversion into smaller pieces with less communication, which in turn leads to decrease the ecosystem stability. The aim of this study is to introduce a new method for quantifying the spatial disturbances of forested areas, which is the main land-cover class of Arasbaran Protected Area, using the landscape metrics over a period of time. To do so, the Landsat satellite imagery were used to generate the land-cover maps of corresponding years (i.e. 1990 and 2014). The metric graph analyses were applied to determine the optimal size of the zones for ten random points in the land-cover map of 2014. Optimal size was determined by plotting the curve results for different areas. Different metrics, i.e. shape, size, number, density, distribution, and contiguous metrics were calculated to quantify the landscape components. To standardize the metric values the standard deviation method was applied. PCA analysis to group the effective metrics on disturbance based on their eigenvalues. Then, the disturbance maps were generated for each time, based on the loading value of each metric. According to the results in both periods, the highest disturbance (high disturbance class) was observed around residential and agricultural areas, and the least disturbance was occurred in mountainous and inaccessible areas, that mostly covered by continuous and dense forests. The results showed that the disturbance rate was increased in 2014 and the land-cover change from forest to grassland has the highest contribution in the increasing disturbance rate with an area of 170.24 hectares. The presented method can also be used in the assessment, planning and management of other specific ecological zones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disturbance
  • Land-cover Changes
  • Landscape metrics
  • Principal Component Analysis
  • Arasbaran
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 2
مرداد 1399
صفحه 397-409