نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مطالعه ارزیابی چرخه حیات در تولید ذرت دانه‌ای تحت دو نظام کشت بهاره و پاییزه (مطالعه موردی استان خوزستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

3 استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

5 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

کشاورزی یکی از فعالیت‌های مهم اقتصادی و اثرگذار بر محیط زیست است. ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید محصولات کشاورزی از راهکارهای موثر در دست‌یابی به کشاورزی پایدار و حفظ منابع طبیعی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید ذرت در استان خوزستان به‌عنوان یک کشت راهبردی که در سال دوبار کشت می‌شود، پرداخته است. داده‌های اولیه از اطلاعات جهاد کشاورزی استان، اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و داده‌های تجربی کشاورزان منطقه جمع‌آوری شد. برای تعیین آب آبیاری و عملکرد محصول از اسفندماه 96 تا آذرماه 97 آزمایشاتی به صورت تیمارهای صحرایی انجام شد. اثرات منفی زیست‌محیطی گروه‌های تاثیر پتانسیل گرمایش‌جهانی، پتانسیل یوتریفیکاسیون، پتانسیل اسیدی‌شدن، تخلیه منابع آبی، تخلیه منابع فسیلی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و تخلیه منابع پتاس بررسی شد. یوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه‌ منابع فسفات به ازای تولید یک تن دانه ذرت به‌عنوان واحد کارکردی، بیشترین اثرات منفی زیست‌محیطی را داشتند و هریک از آن‌ها به‌ترتیب سهم 73/18 و 08/34 درصدی در هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی انتشار آلاینده‌ها را داشتند. در این میان سهم تخلیه منابع آبی در اثرات مخرب زیست‌محیطی برابر 85/22 درصد بود. برای کشت بهاره و پاییزه شاخص Eco-x به ترتیب برابر 92/0 و 70/0 و شاخص RDI به‌ترتیب برابر 75/1و 29/1 محاسبه شد. پس به‌منظور کاهش آلایندگی تولید ذرت در منطقه بایستی بر لزوم مدیریت مصرف بهینه کودهای شیمیایی، جایگزینی آن‌ها با کودهای آلی و استفاده از کودهای زیستی و استفاده از منابع تامین نیتروژن با پتانسیل آلودگی کمتر تاکید کرد. همچنین در کشت بهاره کاشت ارقام زودرس با پتانسیل عملکرد بالا و سازگار با شرایط آب‌وهوایی منطقه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Life Cycle Assessment in Corn Production Under Two Spring and Autumn Cultivars (Case Study of Khuzestan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam kazemizadeh 1
  • abdolrahim hooshmand 2
  • abdali naseri 3
  • mona golabi 4
  • mousa meskarbashee 5

1 Ph.D. student of irrigation and drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

3 Professor of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

5 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz

چکیده [English]

Agriculture is one important sectors of the economic and impact on the environment. Assessing the environmental impacts of agricultural production is one of the effective ways to achieve sustainable agriculture and preserve natural resources. The present study evaluates environmental impacts of corn production in Khuzestan province as a strategic crop cultivated twice a year. Data were collected from the province's agricultural Jahad, library information and experimental data of farmers in the area. field experiments were carried out in order to determine the irrigation water and yield from March 96 to December 97. Environmental impacts of global warming potentials, acidification potential, Eutrophication potential, fossil fuel consumption, water consumption, phosphate consumption and of potash consumption were investigated. For one ton of corn grain as a functional unit, it was determined that drying Eutrophication and discharging of phosphate sources had the highest potential for damage to the environment, and each of them had a contribution of 18.73% and 34.08% in environmental costs of pollutant emissions. In the meantime, the share of water resources consumption in environmental damage impacts was 22.85%. Environmental index (EcoX) for spring and autumn cultivations was 0.92 and 0.70 respectively, and RDI for spring and autumn cultivars respectively was 1.75 and 1.29, respectively. So, in order to reduce the pollution of corn production in the region, it is necessary to manage the optimum use of chemical fertilizers, replace them with organic fertilizers and use of biological fertilizers, use of nitrogen supply sources with less pollution potential. It is also recommended to plant early varieties in spring crop with high potential and consistent with the region's hydrological conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
  • Global Warming
  • Eutrophication
  • Resource consumption
  • Acidification
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 72، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 485-498