نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

اثر نیتریلوتری استیک اسید (NTA) بر گیاه‌پالایی کادمیوم توسط ذرت در شرایط آبشویی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری مهندسی علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز

چکیده

گیاه‌پالایی یک روش برای پالایش فلزات سنگین از خاک است. استفاده از کلات‌کننده‌ها می‌تواند سبب افزایش کارایی گیاه‌پالایی گردد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر کلات‌کننده نیتریلوتری استیک اسید (NTA) بر شاخص‌های رشدی و کارایی گیاه-پالایی گیاه ذرت در خاک‌های آلوده به کادمیوم تحت شرایط آبشویی بوده است. بدین منظور در گلخانه‌ آزمایشی شامل سه سطح کادمیوم (صفر، 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و NTA با غلظت‌های (صفر، 15 و 30 میلی‌مول در لیتر در هر گلدان) انجام شد. مطابق نتایج بدست آمده بیشترین مقدار کادمیوم در اندام‌هوایی و ریشه گیاه در تیمار 50 میلی‌گرم کادمیوم و کاربرد 30 میلی‌مول NTA به ترتیب با 2 و 8/1 برابر افزایش نسبت به عدم کاربرد NTA دیده شد. همچنین مقدار کادمیوم آبشویی شده با کاربرد 30 میلی‌مول NTA در هر دو سطح آلودگی 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم کادمیوم بیشترین مقدار بود. در غلظت 50 میلی‌گرم کادمیوم در کیلوگرم خاک و 30 میلی‌مول NTA، علائم سمیت بصورت زرد شدن برگ‌ها، کاهش شاخص کلروفیل، نکروزه شدن و کاهش معنی‌دار وزن خشک اندام‌های گیاهی، سطح برگ و ارتفاع گیاه مشاهده گردید. در سطح کادمیوم 50 میلی‌گرم کادمیوم با کاربرد 30 میلی‌مول NTA مقادیر BAC (غلظت تجمع زیستی) و BCF (فاکتور غلظت زیستی) نسبت به عدم کاربرد NTA به ترتیب 8/2 و 4/2 برابر افزایش و TI (شاخص تحمل) 33 درصد کاهش یافت. TF (فاکتور انتقال) فقط با کاربرد 30 میلی‌مول NTA در سطح 50 میلی‌گرم کادمیوم توانست نسبت به تیمار عدم حضور NTA افزایش معنی‌دار نشان دهد. با توجه به نتایج با کاربرد NTA به عنوان یک کلات‌کننده که دارای حداقل آسیب‌های زیست محیط است می‌توان کارایی گیاه‌پالایی توسط ذرت را بصورت قابل ملاحظه‌ای افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nitrilo Triacetic Acid (NTA) on Cd Phytoremediation by Maize in Soil Leaching Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Mehrab 1
  • Mostafa Chorom 2
  • Mojtaba Norouzi Masir 3

1 PhD Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Phytoremediation is a method to refine heavy metals from soil. Using chelators can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Nitrilo Triacetic Acid (NTA) on growth indexes and the efficiency of phytoremediation by maize in Cd-contaminated soils under leaching condition. In this way, in the greenhouse, an experiment was conducted consisting three levels of Cd contamination (0, 25 and 50 mgkg-1 soil) and three levels of NTA (0, 15 and 30 mmolL-1 in pot). According to the results, the most amount of Cd in the shoot and root of the plant was observed in Cd50NTA30 (50 mgCd/kg soil and 30 mmolNTA/L in pot) by 2 and 1.8 times, respectively, than Cd50NTA0 (non-application of NTA). Also, the amount of Cd in drainage water in both of Cd25 and Cd50 with apply NTA30 were the maximum amount. In Cd50NTA30 toxicity symptoms were observed in the form of yellowish leaves, decreased chlorophyll index, necrosis and a significant decrease in dry weight of plant organs, leaf area, and plant height. In Cd50NTA30 the amounts of BAC and BCF were increased by 2.8 and 2.4 times, respectively, than Cd50NTA0. In the case of similar treatments, the amount of TI was decreased by 33%. TF could only show a significant increase in Cd50NTA30 than Cd50NTA0. According to the results, the use of NTA as a chelator that has the least environmental damage can significantly increase the efficiency of phytoremediation by maize.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrilo Triacetic Acid (NTA)
  • Phytoremediation
  • Growth indices
  • Phytoremediation indices
  • Soil cadmium
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 72، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 499-513