نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تبارشناسی و تنوع ژنتیکی لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای خزری (Mauremys caspica Gmelin, 1774) در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استادیار گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

لاک‌پشت‌ها از قدیمی‌ترین خزندگان هستند که از حدود 215 میلیون سال پیش در زمین حضور داشته‌اند. تاکنون 351 گونه لاک‌پشت در جهان گزارش شده است که حدود 40 درصد آنها در فهرست سرخ IUCN به عنوان گونه‌های در تهدید معرفی شده‌اند. لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای خزری (Mauremys caspica) در شمال و غرب ایران پراکنش به نسبت گسترده‌ای دارد. ادامه حیات این گونه در بسیاری از زیستگاه‌های کشور به‌واسطه عوامل متعددی از جمله تخریب زیستگاه، آلودگی‌ها و نابسامانی در مدیریت منابع آب به شدت در معرض تهدید است. در این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی و تبارشناسی لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای خزری در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور، بخشی از توالی ژن سیتوکروم b (به طول 1040 جفت باز) در 12 فرد از این استان برای بررسی روابط تبارشناختی و تنوع ژنتیکی استفاده شد. همچنین، 15 توالی لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای خزری و هشت توالی لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای بالکان (M. rivulata) از بانک ژن استخراج و در تحلیل‌ها استفاده شدند. یافته‌های حاصل نشان دادند که لاک‌پشت‌های خزری دو کلاد مجزا (کلاد شرقی و کلاد غربی) تشکیل داده و با بوت استرپ و احتمال پسین بالا از لاک‌پشت‌های بالکان جدا می‌شوند. همچنین، نمونه‌های متعلق به این استان همگی در کلاد شرقی قرار گرفته و فقط به یک هاپلوتایپ (MCE2) اختصاص داشتند. بر اساس تحلیل AMOVA، اختلاف ژنتیکی بین کلادهای شرقی و غربی (12/82 درصد) بیش از اختلاف ژنتیکی در داخل این کلادها (88/17 درصد) برآورد شد. نشانه‌های معنی‌داری از گسترش جمعیت‌شناختی ناگهانی در کلادهای غربی و شرقی لاک‌پشت خزری برآورد نشد. این نتایج پیشنهاد می‌کند که بر اساس توالی‌های ژن سیتوکروم b، لاک‌پشت برکه‌ای خزری در این استان به یک واحد حفاظتی تعلق داشته و می‌تواند برای حفاظت بهتر از گونه در دستور کار مدیران حفاظت از محیط زیست استان قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Caspian pond turtle (Mauremys caspica Gmelin, 1774) in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Jazayeri 1
  • Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh 2
  • Rohollah Rahimi 1
  • Iraj Hashemzadeh segherloo 1

1 Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88156-48456, Iran

2 Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

چکیده [English]

The earliest known turtles are from around 215 million years ago, making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups. So far, about 351 turtle species have been reported worldwide, of which about 40% have been introduced as threatened species in the IUCN Red List. Caspian pond turtle (Mauremys caspica) has a relatively wide distribution in the northern and western Iran. Survival of this species has been severely threatened due to habitat destruction, pollution, and water resource mismanagement in Iran. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of M. caspica in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. A 1040-bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene was sequenced in 12 individuals across the province. A dataset was created using our sequences together with an additional 23 sequences downloaded from GenBank. Based on phylogenetic trees (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference), the sequences of M. caspica and M. rivulata were separated with the highest bootstrap and posterior probability. All Caspian pond turtle's sequences fell into two clades: Eastern and Western. The findings revealed that turtles from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari belong to only one haplotype (MCE2) within the eastern clade. The AMOVA analysis, based on Caspian pond turtle's sequences, show that 82.12% of the overall variation is estimated among the identified clades (Eastern and Western). None of the neutrality indices (Fu’s FS، Tajima’s D and Ramos-Onsins and Rozas’ R2) revealed negative and significant values, and thus, the sudden demographic expansion was rejected in the clades of M. caspica. Caspian pond turtle population, based on cytochrome b, in the study area can be regarded to an evolutionarily significant unit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mauremys caspica
  • cytochrome b
  • haplogroup
  • genetic distance
  • genetic diversity
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 72، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 417-430