مدلسازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه حال و گذشته کمرکولی کوچک (Sitta neumayer) در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 دکتری، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

امروزه مدلهای آشیان بوم شناختی کاربردهای فراوانی در بومشناسی، حفاظت و جغرافیای زیستی پیدا کرده‌اند. این مدلها با استفاده از نقاط حضور گونه ها و متغیرهای محیطی احتمال حضور آنها را در محدوده جغرافیایی معین برآورد می کنند. در مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از مدل مکسنت، 107 نقطه حضور و نه متغیر محیطی آشیان بومشناختی کمرکولی کوچک در ایران تهیه و مهمترین متغیرهای موثر بر توزیع گونه در سطح کشور شناسایی شد. نتایج حاصل از این مدلسازی نشان داد که رشته کوه زاگرس، رشته کوه البرز، کپه داغ و همچنین برخی کوه-های ایران مرکزی دارای بیشترین مطلوبیت زیستگاهی برای حضور گونه هستند. شاخص نرمال شده پوشش گیاهی (2/42)، ارتفاع (3/17) و متوسط بارش سالیانه (5/12) جز مهمترین متغیرهای موثر بر توزیع گونه شناسایی شدند. همچنین، در مطالعه حاضر مدل توزیع گونه در آخرین عصر یخچالی تهیه شد. مقایسه مدل توزیع گونه در شرایط حاضر و گذشته نشان داد توزیع گونه کم و بیش با توزیع آن در گذشته متفاوت بوده اما بخش عمده زاگرس در گذشته نیز برای حضور گونه مطلوبیت بالایی داشته است. از آنجایی که نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد شاخص نرمال شده پوشش گیاهی مهمترین پیش بینی کننده توزیع کمرکولی کوچک در ایران است بنابراین برای مدیریت و حفاظت این گونه باید پوشش گیاهی زیستگاه آن مورد حفاظت قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling present and past habitat suitability of Western Rock Nuthatch (Sitta neumayer) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Yousefi 1
  • Afshin Alizadeh Shabani 1
  • hosein Azarnivand 2

1 University of Tehran

2 هیات علمی

چکیده [English]

Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) are commonly used in ecology, conservation and biogeography. ENMs use occurrence data and environmental variables to calculate probabilities of the species’ presence in the defined geographic space. In the present study, we used Maxent, 107 occurrence records and nine environmental variables (six bioclimatic variables, altitude, slope and the normalized difference vegetation index) to develop a country level distribution model for Western Rock Nuthatch, Sitta neumayer in Iran. We determined the most important environmental predictors of species distribution in Iran. Results showed that Zagros Mountains and Alborz Mountains are the most suitable habitats for the species in Iran. Results also revealed that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), altitude, annual precipitation were the most important environmental variables effecting distribution of the species in Iran. In this study, we also modeled past distribution of the species during the Last Glacial Maximum. Results showed that potential distribution of Eastern Rock Nuthatch was different from its current distribution, however, most of the Zagros was suitable for the species during Last Glacial Maximum. Since our results showed that NDVI is the most important predictor of the species’s distribution in Iran and strongly affect its presence, we suggest protection of vegetation cover in the habitat of the species for conservation of Western Rock Nuthatch.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sitta neumayer
  • Niche
  • Habitat
  • Maxent
  • Environmental variables
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