ارتباط کاربری اراضی و کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی استان چهارمحال‌وبختیاری
نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد
3 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
4 کارشناس شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
چکیده
آب زیرزمینى اصلی‌ترین منبع آب شرب در اکثر شهرها و روستاهاى ایران می‌باشد و نیترات و فسفات به‌عنوان یکی از شایع‌ترین آلودگی‌های آب زیرزمینى در ایران سلامت مردم را تهدید می‌کند. این تحقیق با هدف تأثیر کاربری اراضی بر کیفیت آب شرب استان چهارمحال‌وبختیاری انجام شد. به این منظور تعداد 132 نمونه آب از 132 حلقه چاه در نقاط مختلف استان که برای تأمین آب آشامیدنی استفاده می‌شود تهیه شد و غلظت نیترات و فسفات در نمونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد غلظت یون‌های نیترات در 42/92 درصد نمونه‌ها پایین‌تر از حد مجاز بوده و در 58/7 درصد نمونه‌ها بالاتر از حد استاندارد است. غلظت فسفات در 100 درصد نمونه‌ها پایین‌تر از حد استاندارد جهانی و ایران می‌باشد. همچنین بین غلظت نیترات و فسفات در سطح 001/0 ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود دارد (29/0 =r). طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده میزان نیترات در مناطق مسکونی اختلاف معنی‌داری با میزان نیترات در کاربری‌های مرتع، جنگل و باغ دارد (05/0>p). همچنین میزان فسفات در کاربری‌های مسکونی، کشاورزی، مرتع و باغ اختلاف معنی‌داری با میزان فسفات در کاربری جنگل دارد (05/0>p). در حال حاضر کیفیت آب منطقه مورد مطالعه از نظر غلظت نیترات در اکثر نقاط استان و از نظر غلظت فسفات در تمام استان از وضعیت خوبی برخوردار می‌باشد هرچند در غرب استان غلظت نیترات در 10 نقطه بالاتر از حد مجاز می‌باشد. ازاین‌رو پایش، تصفیه و دفع بهداشتی فاضلاب‌های تولیدی و مصرف کمتر کودهای نیتروژن‌دار بایستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Relationship of Land Use and Quality of Groundwater Resources of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi 1
- Zeinab Alimirzaee 2
- Nasrin Gharahi 3
- Maryam Najafi 4
1 Assistant professor of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Graduate student of Watershed Management, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University
3 Assistant professor of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Expert of Water and Waste Water Company of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province
چکیده [English]
Groundwater is the most important source of potable water in the most of the cities and villages of Iran. Nitrate and phosphate are the greatest current groundwater pollutants that threaten the health of the people in Iran. This research was done with the aim of assessing the effect of land use on the quality of potable water. To this aim, 132 water samples from 132 wells used for drinking purposes in different locations of the province were prepared, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations in samples were measured with a spectrophotometer. The results showed nitrate concentrations in 92.42% of the samples were below the permitted limit, while 7.58% of the samples were higher than standard. Phosphate concentration in 100% of the samples was lower than both the global and Iranian standards. Also, there was significant correlation between nitrate and phosphate concentrations (r = 0.29). According to the obtained results, nitrate concentrations in residential areas were significantly different from those in rangeland, forest and garden land uses (p <0.05). Phosphate concentration in residential areas, agriculture, rangeland and garden land had significant differences with those in forest land use (p <0.05). Now, water quality with regard to nitrate concentration in most parts of the province and phosphate concentration in all parts of province were in compliance with standards, but nitrate concentration was 10 points higher than the permitted level. Therefore, monitoring, purification, wastewater generation and lower consumption of nitrate fertilizer should be considered.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Nitrate
- Phosphate
- Land use
- Groundwater
- Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province
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