نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تبیین عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی موثر بر آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در مقابل حملات گرگ در استان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات تنوع زیستی دانشگاه اود، اسپانیا.

چکیده

در‌ ایران گرگ یکی از گوشتخوارانی است که با مردم محلی بیشترین تضاد را دارد. متاسفانه تضاد بین انسان و گرگ در استان همدان به اوج خود رسیده است بطوریکه در سالهای اخیر 60 مورد حمله به انسان ( اغلب کودکان و افراد مسن ) و بیش از 100 مورد حمله به دام اهلی در این استان ثبت شده است. یکی از راهکارهای مدیریتی موثر جهت مدیریت این تعارض بررسی نگرش و تعیین ساختار جوامع محلی (از لحاظ اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و غیره) است. با این وجود بیشتر مطالعات صورت گرفته در جهان جنبه‌های تکنیکی کاهش تضاد را بررسی کرده‌اند. به همین دلیل هدف از پژوهش حاضر‌ بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی موثر بر آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در مقابل حملات گرگ در استان همدان است. بدین منظور 400 پرسشنامه طراحی و به تفکیک هر شهرستان در کل استان با مردم محلی ساکن در روستا مصاحبه صورت گرفت. نتایج آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک دوتایی نشان داد متغیر تعداد سگ گله، رها کردن لاشه گرگ در اطراف محل سکونت، دفن لاشه، اندازه گله و انتقال گرگ به مناطق دیگر جزو متغیر‌های معنی‌دار هستند. بطوریکه افزایش تعداد سگ گله میزان آسیب پذیری در برابر حملات گرگ را کاهش خواهد داد.‌ افرادی که اعتقاد دارند رها کردن لاشه گرگ در اطراف محل سکونت آنها منجر به بازگشت گرگ خواهد شد از آسیب پذیری آنها در برابر حملات گرگ کم خواهد شد و آنهایی که لاشه دام اهلی خود را در یک مکان مشخص دفن میکنند میزان آسیب پذیری آنها در برابر حملات گرگ کمتر خواهد شد. دیگر نتایج نشان داد افرادی که گله‌های بزرگتری دارند در برابر حملات گرگ آسیب پذیرتر خواهند بود. افرادی که موافق انتقال گرگها به مناطق دیگر به عنوان یک استراتژی در برابر کاهش حملات گرگ هستند آسیب پذیری کمتری خواهند داشت. در این مطالعه جهت کاهش آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در برابر حملات گرگ پیشنهاداتی داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on social and cultural factors affecting vulnerability of local communities (Case Study on Wolf Attacks in Hamadan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Mohammadi 1
  • Mohammad Kaboli 1
  • Amir Alambeigi 2
  • Jose – Vicente Lopez Bao 3

1 Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran-Karaj-Iran.

3 3. Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, 33600, Mieres, Spain.

چکیده [English]

One of the most conflict species in Iran is the grey wolf (Canis lupus). Unfortunately conflict between grey wolf and local communities were increased in Hamden province. So that, recently, 60 incidents of wolf attacks on local communities, mostly children (70 %), and more than100 incidents of wolf attack on livestock were documented. One of the effective management for conflict mitigation is determining local communities' attitude and structure (Social, Cultural, etc.). Although, most mitigation studies investigated only the technical aspects of conflict reduction. In this research we studied an important factor that effect on vulnerability of local communities towards wolf attacks in Hamadan province. To do this, we designed 400 questionnaire and interview with local communities in counties of Hamadan province. Using binary logistic regression we analyzed these data. Our result showed that most important factors on vulnerability of local communities included: Number of guarding dogs, herd size, releasing of domestic carcass near rural area, waste management and translocation of wolves to remote area (wild zoo or protected areas). As well as the number of guarding dogs, risk of wolf attacks to local communities would be decreased. Local communities believing, releasing of domestic carcass near the rural area lead to attractive wolves, would meet less vulnerability. Empirical results indicated that local communities managing their waste, risk of wolf attacks to will be reduce. Larger herd size lead to high encounter rates with wolves. People that agree with translocation of wolves from areas of high livestock density to remote area will be less vulnerable. Management implications to mitigate conflicts between wolf and local communities were discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conflict
  • Hamadan province
  • Vulnerability of local people
  • Wolf attacks
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 523-536