نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی سطح آلودگی و الگوی توزیع فضایی غلظت فلزات سنگین (کروم، نیکل، مس، سرب و روی) در شهر صنعتی ماهشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز

3 عضو هیأت علمی گروه زمین شناسی اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

فلزات سنگین به دلیل سمیت و پایداری در محیط زیست یکی از مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌های خاک محسوب می‌شوند. بنابراین بررسی توزیع غلظت فلزات سنگین جهت پایش آلودگی خاک و حفظ کیفیت محیط زیست ضروری است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی سطح آلودگی و تهیه نقشه‌های توزیع مکانی غلظت فلزات سنگین کروم، نیکل، مس، سرب و روی در خاک سطحی شهر صنعتی ماهشهر در سال 1395انجام شد. بدین منظور با استفاده از روش نمونه‌برداری سیستماتیک تعداد 51 نمونه خاک سطحی (cm20-0) جمع‌آوری و غلظت این فلزات به روش XRF اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین خصوصیات خاک شامل EC، pH، آهک و بافت خاک مشخص شد. شاخص آلودگی PI)) و شاخص جامع فاکتور آلودگی نمرو (NIPI) جهت تعیین وضعیت آلودگی خاک این منطقه استفاده شد. نقشه‌های توزیع غلظت فلزات سنگین نیز با استفاده از روش درون‌یابی در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) تهیه گردید. تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی(PCA) به منظور بررسی روابط بین فلزات انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین مقادیر شاخص آلودگی مربوط به کروم و نیکل است که در سطح آلودگی شدید قرار دارند. بسیاری از خاک‌های شهری در بندر ماهشهر با سطوح کم یا متوسط از سرب، روی و مس آلوده شده‌اند. شاخص آلودگی نمرو نشان داد که همه نقاط در سطح آلودگی بالا قرار دارند. همچنین نتایج تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که فلزات سرب، روی و مس در یک مؤلفه‌ قرار گرفته و نشان‌دهنده منشأ انسان‌ساخت و مشترک این فلزات می‌باشد. فلزات کروم و نیکل هر کدام در مؤلفه‌ای جداگانه قرار گرفته و مقدار شاخص آلودگی بالای این فلزات، همچنین ضریب تغییرات بالا حاکی از منشاء انسان‌ساخت این فلزات تعیین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study on the Level of Pollution and Spatial Distribution of Concentrations of Heavy Metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn) in the Industrial City of Mah-Shahr

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebrahim Panahpour 2

1

2

3

چکیده [English]

Due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment Heavy metals are one of the most significant soil contaminants. So, it is essential to investigate the distribution of heavy metal for controlling contamination of soil and maintaining the quality of the environment. This study aimed to assess the level of contamination and mapping the spatial patterns of heavy metals like chromium, nickel, copper, lead and zinc in topsoil was performed in Mahshahr in 2016. For this purpose, by the use of systematic sampling method 51 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were gathered and concentration of these metals was measured by XRF. Also, soil properties such as: EC, pH, lime and soil texture was identified. Pollution index (PI), and Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) was used to determine the soil contamination. Concentration Distribution maps of heavy metals was prepared using the interpolation method in geographic information system (GIS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to investigate the relationship between metals. The results indicated the highest PI of chrome and nickel which are in high contamination level. Many urban soils in Mahshahr have been contaminated with a sort of low or moderate levels of lead, zinc and copper. NIPI showed that all parts are in high pollution levels. The results of principal component analysis indicated that copper, lead, and zinc metals were placed under the same category revealed to be of man-made and common origins. Chromium and nickel have been placed in a separate category and the quantity of pollution index of these metals with high variable coefficient was determined to be of anthropogenic origin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatial distribution
  • heavy metal pollution index
  • Nemerow index
  • Mah-Shahr
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 3
آذر 1397
صفحه 399-412