نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

محاسبه بهره‌وری سازگار با محیط‌زیست در بخش کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشنای ارشد

2 عضو هیئت علمی

چکیده

کشاورزی به‌طور بالقوه یکی از مهم‌ترین عواملی است که باعث تخریب محیط‌زیست می‌شود. به‌طوری‌که در اکثر مواقع استفاده‌ بی‌رویه از کود و سموم شیمیایی برای رسیدن به بهره‌وری بیشتر در بخش کشاورزی اثرات بد زیست‌محیطی را به دنبال دارد. لذا در تحقیق حاضر به محاسبه‌ رشد بهره‌وری کشاورزی ایران با در نظر گرفتن اثرات زیست‌محیطی در دوره زمانی 90-1370 پرداخته‌‌شده است. در این مطالعه از روش شاخص مالمکوئیست نهاده‌گرا با استفاده از تابع فاصله و شاخص بهره‌وری تعدیل‌یافتۀ سازگار با محیط‌زیست استفاده‌شده است. نتایج نشان ‌می‌دهد که میزان رشد بهره‌وری زیست‌محیطی 7/3 درصد و میزان رشد بهره‌وری معمولی2/3 درصد می‌باشد. درواقع میزان رشد بهره‌وری زیست‌محیطی محاسبه‌شده بیشتر از میزان رشد بهره‌وری معمولی، برآورد گردیده است. این نتیجه نشان می‌دهد که در بررسی بهره‌وری زیست‌محیطی، علاوه بر اینکه بهره‌وری تولید محصولات دارای ارزش بازاری موردنظر قرارگرفته است، بلکه، اهتمام بخش کشاورزی مبنی بر کنترل آلاینده‌های مورد‌نظر نیز در نظر گرفته‌شده‌ است. لذا پیشنهاد می‌گردد، به‌منظور اجتناب از برآورد بیش‌از‌حد بهره‌وری همواره اثرات منفی زیست‌محیطی فعالیت‌های کشاورزی در محاسبات بهره‌وری مدنظر قرار گیرند. همچنین یافته‌ها حاکی از کاهشی بودن نرخ رشد بخش کشاورزی است. این امر به دلیل بیشتر بودن نرخ رشد نهاده موجودی سرمایه نسبت به نرخ رشد محصولات در بخش کشاورزی است. ازجمله راه‌کارهای افزایش این نرخ، جلوگیری از خارج شدن سرمایه از بخش کشاورزی و اولویت‌بندی سرمایه‌گذاری باهدف افزایش بهره‌وری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Calculating Productivity Compatible with the environment in agricultural sector

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Aghapour sabbaghi 2

2 FACULTY MEMBER

چکیده [English]

Agriculture potentially is one of the main factors that cause environmental destruction. Because most of time wasteful using of chemical fertilizer and poisons to achieving more efficiency in agricultural sector caused bad environmental effects. So in present research, calculating Iran agricultural productivity growth with respect to environmental effect in 1991- 2011 period has been considered. In this study, input-oriented Malmquist index with using the distance function and environmental adjusted productivity index (EAP) has been used. Results show that the growth of environmental productivity is 3.7 percent and the growth of typical productivity is 3.2 percent. In fact, the growth of computed environmental productivity was estimated more than the growth of typical productivity. These results show that in survey of environmental productivity, in addition to calculate productivity of products with market value also agriculture sector attempts to control of pollutant also has been considered. So suggest that in order to avoid overestimating productivity, always negative environmental effects of agricultural activities in the computing productivity must be considered.
Also the findings express a reduction of the growth rate of the agricultural sector. This is due to the higher growth rate of capital stock relative to the growth rate of products in the agricultural sector. One ways to increase this rate is prevention of the capital exiting from the agricultural sector and prioritize investments aimed at increasing productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • productivity
  • environment
  • Input-Oriented Malmquist Index
  • The Distance Function
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 255-268