نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تعیین نمایه‌های مؤثر بر تغییر کیفیت خاک در رابطه با نوع کاربری اراضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشکده علوم زمین دانشگاه شهید یهشتی

4 کرج

5 احیائ مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی

چکیده

مطالعات کیفیت خاک در شناسایی اثرات مدیریت‌های مختلف در عرصه‌های کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ازجمله تخریب مرتع و جنگل‌ها و احیای اراضی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این پژوهش شاخص کیفیت خاک در دو عمق خاک و شش کاربری اراضی مختلف منطقه شهریار استان تهران با استفاده از تغییرهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی و آنالیز چند متغیره بدست آمد، بدین منظور کاربری اراضی مرتعی(طبیعی، قرق، تحت چرا) و زراعت آبی (باغ پسته، زراعت یونجه و گندم) به روش تصادفی - سیستماتیک از دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متری نمونه‌برداری شد و برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک اندازه‌گیری شدند. تحلیل آماری خصوصیات خاک در عمق 15-0 سانتی‌متری باعث ایجاد 5 فاکتور مؤثر با مقادیر ویژه بیش از یک شد: فاکتور1- شوری خاک، فاکتور2- عناصر غذایی، فاکتور3- بافت خاک، فاکتور4- فسفر خاک و فاکتور5- رطوبت خاک می‌باشد. مطالعات نشان داد فاکتور 1 مهم‌ترین عامل برای ارزیابی کیفیت خاک و پتاسیم خاک مهم‌ترین خصوصیت خاک در تعیین کیفیت خاک در عمق 15-0 سانتی‌متری می‌باشد. همچنین در عمق 30-15 سانتی‌متری نیز 4 فاکتور مؤثر با مقادیر ویژه بیش از یک حاصل شد: فاکتور1- شوری خاک، فاکتور2- رطوبت خاک ، فاکتور3- بافت خاک، فاکتور4- فسفر خاک می‌باشد که فاکتور 1 مهم‌ترین عامل و SAR و EC مهم‌ترین خصوصیت خاک در تعیین کیفیت خاک در عمق 30-15 سانتی‌متری می‌باشد. درمجموع می‌توان استنباط کرد که فاکتور شوری خاک مهم‌ترین عامل در ارزیابی کیفیت‌ خاک در کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی منطقه مورد مطالعه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determine of the effective soil quality indexes associated with land use

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahsa Abdolshahnejad 5

1

2

3

4

5 Faculty of Natural Resources

چکیده [English]

The study of soil quality is important to identify the different management effects on natural resources and agricultural farmland. In this research soil quality index was evaluated in two depth of six land use of Shahryar region through physical and chemical attributes and multi variate data analysis. For this purpose six different land uses/management were selected including rangelands (wild, exclosure and, grazing) and agriculture (Pistachio garden, alfalfa and wheat cultivation). A systematic-random strategy was carried at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth by and soil properties were measured in the laboratory (98 samples). The soil attributes include: texture, bulk density, water holding capacity, permanent wilting point, field capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon, total N, lime, P, K, Na, K and SAR. Statistical analysis shows that, soil properties were grouped into five significant factors for the 0-15 cm depth as: 1-soil salinity, 2- soil nutrients, 3-soil texture, 4- soil phosphor and 5-soil humidity. Factor 1 was known as the most dominant and potassium element (K) contributed the largest factor loading. In 15-30 cm depth, four significant factors were identified (1) salinity; 2) humidity; 3) texture and 4) phosphor). While, in15-30 cm depth, factor 1 was distinguished as the most dominant and SAR and Ec known as the most effective variables for soil attribute. Generally, results indicated that soil salinity factor was the most important factor for soil quality assessment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Land use"
  • "Soil quality assessment"
  • "Chemical and physical properties"
  • "Statistical analysis"
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 239-253