بررسی تجمع و مقایسه فلزات سنگین در بافت‌های ماهی کفال طلایی (Liza aurata) در دو دوره رسیدگی جنسی و استراحت جنسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، تنکابن

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی میزان تجمع پنج فلز سنگین سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه، آرسنیک و کروم در بافتهای عضله، کبد و آبشش ماهی کفال طلایی Liza aurata، در حوزه جنوبی دریای خزر بود. نمونه برداری از 100 عدد ماهیان بالغ کفال، از 10 ایستگاه در دو دوره رسیدگی جنسی (فصل پاییز) و استراحت جنسی (فصل بهار) انجام گردید. جهت اندازه‌گیری غلظت فلزات سنگین بافتهای عضله، کبد و آبشش هر یک از ماهیان تفکیک گردید. استخراج فلزات از بافتهای مورد نظر از روش هضم با استفاده از مخلوط اسید استفاده شد. تعیین غلظت بوسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی مجهز به سیستم کوره گرافیتی انجام شد. میزان جذب فلزات سنگین در بافت عضله در دوره رسیدگی جنسی به ترتیب سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه، آرسنیک و کروم با میانگین 40/1، 43/0، 16/0، 07/0 و 54/0 میکروگرم برگرم بود و در دوره استراحت جنسی به ترتیب با میانگین 90/1، 93/0، 24/0، 12/0 و 61/0 میکروگرم برگرم بود. در کل میزان جذب فلزات سنگین در دوره استراحت جنسی (As˂Hg˂Cr˂Cd˂Pb) بیشتر از دوره رسیدگی جنسی (As˂Hg˂Cd˂Cr˂Pb) بود. میزان تجمع فلزات بین سه بافت به صورت کبد> آبشش > عضله بود و این اختلاف معنی‌دار بود. طبق دادهای ثبت شده از فلزات سنگین در بافت عضله در مقایسه با حد مجاز اعلام شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی و انجمن بهداشت ملی و تحقیقات پزشکی استرالیا هر پنج فلز Pb، Cd ، Cr ، Hg و As بالاتر از حد مجاز استاندارد جهانی بود، بنابراین مصرف این ماهی برای سلامتی انسان ضرر دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluate and Compare the Accumulation of the Heavy Metals in Tissues of the Gray Mullet (Liza aurata) during the Sexual Maturity and Sexual Rest

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehrnoush Norouzi 1

چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chrome in muscle liver, and gill of the gray mullet, Liza aurata in southern part of the Caspian Sea. The samples were collected from 100 adult gray mullet in 10 stations during the sexual maturity (in the fall) and sexual rest (in the spring). The muscle, liver, and gill tissues of each fish were separated in order to measure the concentration of the heavy metals. The acid digestion method was used to extract the metals from the tissues. The concentration was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chrome in the muscle tissue respectively was 1.40, 0.43, 0.16, 0.07 and 0.54 µg/g during the sexual maturity and 1.90, 0.93, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.61 µg/g during the sexual rest. Generally, the uptake of heavy metals during the sexual rest (Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg>As) was higher than that during the sexual maturity (Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As). The concentration of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver > gill > muscle. The difference between tissues in terms of the concentration of the metals was significant. The comparison of the data obtained for the muscle tissue with the standards of the World Health Organization and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council showed that the concentration of all the five heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) was higher than the global standard level, and thus, the consumption of this fish can harm people.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • bioaccumulation
  • sexual cycle
  • Liza aurata
  • Caspian Sea
Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S., Al-Ghais, S.M., 2000. Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of (Lethrinus lentjan) fish species in relation to body length and sex. Science of the Total Environment. 256, 87-94.
Amini Ranjbar, G.H., Sotudehnia, F., 2005. Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in muscle tissue of (Mugil auratus) in relation to standard length, weight, age and sex. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 14, 1-18. (In Persian).
Askary Sary, A., 2010. The study of Heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in (Barbus grypus) and (Liza abu) in Karoon and Karkheh rivers. Scientific and Research Journal of Marine Biology. 4, 95-107. (In Persian).
Azami, J., Esmaili-Sari, A., Bahramifar, N., 2012. Determination of Mercury Concentration in Different Tissues of Coot (Fulica atra), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 4(4), 471-481. (In Persian).
Bahnasawy, M., Khidr, A.A., Dheina, N., 2009. Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Mullet, (Mugil cephalus) and (Liza ramada) (Mugilidae) from Lake Manzala, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 5(7), 845-852.
Beheshti, M., 2011. Comparative study of concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) in muscle, liver and gill organ of fish (Liza abu) in the Karoon and Karkheh rivers in Khuzestan Province.” M.Sc. Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, Ahvaz. (In Persian).
Canli, M., Atli, G., 2003. The relationships between heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental Pollution. 121,129–136.
Dixon, H., Gil, A., Gubala, C., Lasorsa, B., Crecelius, E., Curtis, L.R., 1996. Heavy metal accumulation in sediment and fresh water fish in U.S. Arctic lakes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 16 (4), 733.
Esmaili Sari, A., 2002. Pollution health and environmental standards. University Press, Tarbiat Modares, 767 p.
Fazeli, M.S., Abtahi, B., Sabbagh kashani, A., 2005. Assessing Pb, Ni and Zn accumulation in the tissues of (Liza aurata) in the south Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 14, 65-78.
Filazi, A., Baskaya, R., Kum, C., 2003. Metal concentration in tissues of the Black Sea fish (Mugil auratus) from Sinop-Icliman, Turkey. Human Experiment Toxic. 22, 85-87
Fuhrer, G.J, Stuart, D. J., Mckenzie, W., Rinella, J. F., Cranwford, J.K., Skach, K.A., Hornlorger, M.I., 1996.
Grobler, E., 1988. Die Effek van Atrasien, Sink en Yster op die Hematogie en Suurst of verbruik van (Tilapia sparmanii) (Cichlidae). MSc. Thesis. Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa.
Hamed, M., 1998. Distribution of trace metals in the River Nile Ecosystem, Damietta branch between Mansoura city and Damietta Province. Egyptian German Society of Zoology. 27(A), 399-415.
Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., 1997. The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science, 528 p.
Ibrahim, A., Bahnasawy, M., Mansy, S., Elfayomy R., 1999. Heavy metal accumulation in water, sediment and some fishes in Lake Manzala, Egypt. Egyptian German Society of Zoology. 29(B), 43-58.
Kalay, M., Ay, O., Canli, M., 1999. Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 63, 673-681.
Kotze, P.J., Du Preez H.H., Vuren van, J.H.J., 1999. Bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in (Oreochromis mossamicus) and (Clarias gariepinus), from the Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Water SA-Pretoria. 25, 99-110
Lakshmanan, R., Kesavan, K., Vijayanand, P., Rajaram, V., Rajagopal, S., 2009. Heavy metals accumulation in five commercially important fishes of Parangipettai, southeast coast of India. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1, pp. 63-65.
 MAFF., 1995. Monitoring and surveillance of nonradioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea, 1993. Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report. No. 44. Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft.
Moopam., 1983. Manual of oceanographic observation and pollution analysis. Regional organization for the protection of marine environment (ROPME).
Nasehi, F., Monavari, M., Naderi, Gh., Vaezi, M. A., Madani, F., 2013.  Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in the sediment and body of carp fish in Aras River. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 12(2), 398-410.
Nussey, G., Vuren van, J.H.J., Dupreez, H.H., 2000. Bioaccumulation of chromium, manganese, nickel and lead in the tissues of the (Labeo umbratus) from Witbank dam, Mpumalanga. Water SA 26, 269-284.
Obasohan, E.E., Eguavoen, O.I., 2008. Seasonal variations of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in a freshwater fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) from Ogba River, Benin city, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(3), 171-179. 
Pazooki, J., Abtahi, B., Rezaei, F., 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr) in the Muscle and Skin of (Liza aurata) from the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali). Environmental Science. 7(1), 21 -32
Rehbein, H., Oehlenschlager, J., 2009. Fishery products quality, safety and authenticity. John Wiley and Sons Publishing, pp. 4-10.
Sadeghi Rad, M., Amini Ranjbar, Gh., Arshad, A., Joshiedeh, H., 2005. Assessing heavy metal content of muscle tissue and caviar of (Acipenser persicus) and (Aciperser stellatus) in southern Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 3, 79-100 (In Persian).
Solgi, E., Esfandi Sarafraz, J., 2015. Determination of lead and cadmium in the edible tissue of (Liza aurata) in Bandar Anzali coast: Accumulation and risk consumption. Journal of Aquatic Ecology. 5 (1), 43-34.
Spatial and temporal distribution of trace elements in water, sediment and aquatic biota. U.S. Geological Survey, Portland, 190 p.
Taghavi jelodar, H., Sharifzadeh Baei, M., Najafpour, Sh., Fazli, H., 2011. The comparison of heavy metals concentrations in different organs of (Liza aurata) inhibiting in southern parts of Caspian Sea. World Applied Science Journal. 14, 96-100.
Tuzen, M., 2009. Toxic and essential trace elemental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 47 (9), 2302-2307.
Varanasi, U., Markey, D., 1978. Uptake and release of lead and cadmium in skin and mucus of Coho Salmon. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 60, 187-192.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1996. Health criteria other supporting information. In: Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2nd ed. 2, pp. 31-388.
Yilmaz, F., 2009. The comparison of heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in tissues of three economically important fish (Anguilla anguilla, Mugil cephalus and Oreochromis niloticus) inhabiting Köycegiz Lake-Mugla (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Science and Technology. 4, 7-15.
Zaqoot, H., A, Aish, A.M., Wafi, H.N. 2017. Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Collected from Gaza Fishing Harbor in the Mediterranean Sea along Gaza Coast, Palestine. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 17, 101-109.