نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

برآورد ظرفیت برد تغذیه ای زیستگاه های خشک ایران مرکزی برای جبیر (مطالعه موردی: پناهگاه حیات وحش دره انجیر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد

4 کارشناس محیط زیست یزد

چکیده

در این مطالعه، ظرفیت برد تغذیه‌ای زیستگاه جبیر ((Gazella bennettii shikarii Groves, 1993)در یکی از خشک‌ترین مناطق حوزه انتشار گونه در ناحیه ایران مرکزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور ابتدا به تعیین دوره بحرانی و مدت (طول) آن در پناهگاه حیات وحش دره‌انجیر پرداخته شد. پس از آن با توجه به ارجحیت غذایی گونه‌ها در فصل بحرانی، میزان تولید با استفاده از روش نمونه‌برداری مضاعف در محدوده زیستگاه‌های مطلوب جبیر برآورد گردید. در ادامه با لحاظ یکی از پارامترهای حد مجاز بهره‌برداری یا ارزش رجحانی برای هر گونه گیاهی، میزان علوفه قابل دسترس برآورد گردید و بعد از کم کردن سهم رقیب‌ها و تعیین نیاز روزانه جبیر، ظرفیت برد تغذیه‌ای زیستگاه جبیر در منطقه برآورد شد.
نتایج نشان داد در سال مطالعه، پناهگاه حیات وحش دره‌انجیر ظرفیت 626 راس جبیر را دارد. به عبارتی دیگر حداکثر تراکم جبیر در منطقه مورد مطالعه می‌تواند 34/2 راس جبیر در یکصد هکتار باشد. اگرچه با توجه به کاهش جدی جمعیت جبیر منطقه به‌دلیل شکار بی‌رویه، در حال حاضر منابع غذایی در دسترس در فصل بحرانی، محدودکننده رشد جمعیت فعلی گونه نیست، اما با توجه به برآورد نقطه‌ای تراکم جبیر می‌توان دره‌انجیر را یکی از خشک‌ترین زیستگاه‌های حوزه انتشار این گونه در دنیا قلمداد نمود. همچنین بر اساس نتایح بدست آمده گونه رمس (Hammada salicornica) بالاترین سهم را در تامین نیاز غذایی جبیر در منطقه برعهده داشته و پیشگیری از چرای شتر در پناهگاه در تمام فصول، برای حفظ میزان تولید این گونه گیاهی مورد پیشنهاد است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of feeding carrying capacity of dry habitats for Chinkara (Gazella bennettii shikarii) in central Iran (Case study: Darreh-Anjir Wildlife Refuge)

نویسنده [English]

  • hasan akbari 1

چکیده [English]

A study conducted to determine feeding carrying capacity of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii shikarii Groves, 1993) habitat in one of the driest areas of its distribution range in central Iran. First, we determined the term of critical season in Drarreh-Anjir Wildlife Refuge. Then, considering to species food preferences in critical season, the amount of production was estimated in suitable habitat using double sampling method. Next, we used allowable measure of exploitation or preference values of every species to estimate the amount of accessible forage in the area. Finally, the feeding carrying capacity of chinkara habitat was estimated by subtracting of competitors proportion and determining of daily requirement of chinkara in the area.
The results showed the capacity of the Darreh-Anjir Wildlife Refuge is 626 chinkaras in the study year. In fact, the overall density of chinkara in the study area can be 2.34 heads in a hundred ha. However, the accessible foods in critical season did not limit the species population growth now, because irregular poaching reduced the numbers of chinkara in the study seriously. Considering to the point estimation of chinkara density, Darreh-Anjir area is one of the driest habitats of the species in the world. Based on the results, the Hammada salicornica is the maximum available species in chinkara menu in the study area. So, prevention of Camel grazing for keeping the potential of this species production was suggested in the refuge in all season.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chinkara
  • Feeding carrying capacity
  • Critical season
  • Double sampling
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 25-37