نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین کروم، مس و نیکل در گیاه یونجه آبیاری شده با آب و پساب تصفیه شده (مطالعه موردی: بیرجند)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه عمران دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

امروزه به علت خشکسالی وکمبودآب،استفاده ازآب های نامتعارف به ویژه پساب حاصل ازتصفیه فاضلاب شهری درکشاورزی اهمیت ویژه ای پیداکرده است. ازعوامل محدودکننده استفاده ازاین پساب هاوجودعناصرسنگین درآن هامی باشد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین کروم، مس و نیکل در اندام های گیاه یونجه تحت دو مدل آبیاری است. نمونه های ریشه، ساقه و برگ گیاه یونجه جهت تعیین میزان غلظت فلزات سنگین از دو ناحیه: 1- آبیاری شده با پساب تصفیه شده و 2- آبیاری شده با آب چاه، جمع آوری شد. نمونه های گیاهی خشک شده، هضم اسیدی شد و غلظت Cr ، Cu و Ni با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OESاندازه گیری شد. بیشترین غلظت فلزات مورد مطالعه در ریشه گیاه یونجه تحت تأثیر دو نوع آبیاری وجود داشت. مقایسه سطح فلزات سنگین مورد مطالعه با غلظت های بحرانی در گیاهان نشان داد که غلظت این فلزات به محدوده خطرناک برای گیاه نرسیده است به استثنای ریشه یونجه آبیاری شده با آب شهری که از نظر فلز کروم پتانسیل قرارگیری در محدوده بحرانی را دارا است. طبق نتایج آزمون تی مستقل، تنها برای فلز کروم، دو نوع آبیاری تفاوت معنی دار آماری نشان دادند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و مقایسه میانگین توکی نیز نشان دهنده این بود که بین ریشه، ساقه و برگ یونجه از نظر غلظت فلز کروم و نیکل اختلاف معنی دار آماری وجود داشته اما از نظر فلز مس اینگونه نبوده و اختلاف معنی دار آماری بین سه اندام ریشه، ساقه و برگ مشاهده نشده است. براساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر، آبیاری با پساب تصفیه شده بیرجند از نظر تجمع فلز سنگین کروم، مس و نیکل آثار سوئی بر گیاه یونجه نداشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the concentrations of heavy metals chromium, copper and nickel in alfalfa irrigated with water and treated wastewater. (Case Study: Birjand)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hossein Hamidian 1
  • Farzaneh Ahrari 2
  • Mohammadreza Doosti 3

1 Department of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty of Tehran University

2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Tehran

3 Department of Civil Engineering University of Birjand

چکیده [English]

Today, due to drought and shortage of water, using of unconventional water in agriculture, particularly effluent from municipal wastewater treatment has particular significance. The limiting factors using of wastewaters is heavy metals. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Cu and Ni in the organs of alfalfa under two models of irrigation. Examples of roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa was collected from two regions: 1- irrigated with treated wastewater, and 2- irrigated with well water, to the heavy metal concentrations measured.Dry and ashed samples of alfalfa were digested using concentratednitric acid. Heavy metals (Cr, Cu and Ni) concentration measured using an ICP-OES instrument(PerkinElmer, USA). The highest concentration of heavy metals, were found in roots of alfalfa. Compare this concentrations with critical concentration show that the metals concentration range is not critical, with that exception of the roots of alfalfa irrigated with water that of metal Cr, potential exposure limits have been critical. The t-test results, only for the metal Cr, showed a statistically significant difference between the two types of irrigation. The one-way ANOVA and Tukeys comparison results also indicates that there was a significant difference between the root, stem and leaf of alfalfa in terms of Cr and Ni concentrations, but in terms of the Cu is not the case. Based on these results, irrigation with treated wastewater Birjand in terms of the accumulation of the heavy metal Cr, Cu and Ni, has no adverseeffects on alfalfa.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • Wastewater
  • agriculture
  • food chain
  • critical concentration
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 71، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 39-51