بردباری، اندوزش و پالایش سرب توسط سه گونۀ گیاه مرتعی در یک خاک آهکی در استان آذربایجان‌ غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی بردباری، توانایی اندوزش و پالایش سرب توسط بنگ­دانه (Hyoscyamus niger L.)، خار پنبه (Onopordum acanthium L.) و گل­گندم (Centaurea cyanus L.)، بومی منطقۀ آذربایجان­غربی، است. بدین منظور یک نمونه خاک انتخاب و به­طور یکنواختی با غلظت­های مختلف سرب (0، 250، 500 و 1000 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) آلوده شد. سپس گیاهان در گلدان­های حاوی خاک آلوده کشت شدند. این پژوهش در شرایط گلخانه­ای در قالب طرح بلوک­های کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. در پایان دورۀ رشد، عملکرد مادۀ خشک ریشه و شاخساره و غلظت سرب در ریشه و شاخسارۀ گیاهان اندازه­گیری شد. همچنین، عملکرد نسبی (RY) ریشه و شاخساره، سرب تثبیت شده در ریشه (MS)، سرب استخراج شده توسط شاخساره (ME)، فاکتورهای تغلیظ زیستی سرب (BCF و mBCF)، فاکتور اندوزش زیستی (mBAF) و فاکتور انتقال گیاهی (TF)، محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش آلودگی سربی خاک، عملکرد ریشه و شاخساره و بردباری گیاهان کاهش یافت، در حالی­که غلظت سرب ریشه و شاخساره، سرب تثبیت شده در ریشه و سرب استخراج شده توسط شاخسارۀ گیاهان، افزایش یافت. میان شاخص بردباری گیاهان تفاوت معنی­داری (05/0P≤) وجود نداشت. در این مطالعه، بیش­ترین اندوزش سرب در ریشه، در خار پنبه (میانگین MS،BCF  و mBCF به­ترتیب µg pot-1 27، 102/0 و 09/6) و بیش­ترین اندوزش سرب در شاخساره، در خار پنبه (میانگین ME،BCF  و mBCF به­ترتیب µg pot-1 45، 066/0 و 79/3) و گل­گندم (میانگین ME و BCF به­ترتیب µg pot-1 43، 061/0 و 64/3) مشاهده شد. بنابراین خار پنبه و گل­گندم با داشتن زیست­تودۀ بالا در شرایط طبیعی، می­توانند در پالایش خاک­های آلوده به سرب، به­ویژه در سطوح پایین آلودگی، مؤثر باشند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Plant tolerance, accumulation and remediation of Pb by three rangeland plant species in a calcareous soil in west Azerbaijan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Karimi 1
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 2
  • MirHasan Rasouli Sadaghiani 3

1 Urmia University

2 Associate Prof. Urmia University

3 Urmia University

چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Pb tolerance, potential for accumulation and remediation of Pb of Hyoscyamus (Hyoscyamus niger L.), Onopordum (Onopordum acanthium L.) and Centaurea (Centaurea cyanus L.), native to Western Azerbaijan region. For this purpose, a soil was selected and spiked uniformly with different concentrations of Pb (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil). Then plants were grown in pots containing the contaminated soil. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition as a randomized complete block design and in three replications. At the end of growth period, dry matter yields of root and shoot and Pb concentration in the root and shoot of plants, were measured. Also, the relative yields (RY) of root and shoot, stabilized Pb in roots (MS), extracted Pb by shoots (ME), bioconcentration factors (BCF and mBCF), modified bioaccumulation factor (mBAF) and translocation factor (TF), were calculated. Results indicated that with increasing soil Pb contamination, yields of root and shoot and tolerance of plants decreased, while shoot and root Pb concentration, stabilized Pb in roots and extracted Pb by shoots increased. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among tolerance index (RY) of plants. In this study, maximum Pb accumulation was recorded in root of Onopordum (average of MS, BCF and mBCF 27 µg pot-1, 0.102 and 6.09 respectively) and maximum accumulation of Pb in shoot was observed for Onopordum (average of ME, BCF and mBCF 45 µg pot-1, 0.066 and 3.79 respectively) and Centaurea (average of ME, BCF and mBCF, 43 µg pot-1, 0.061 and 3.64 respectively). Therefore, Onopordum and Centaurea with a high biomass in native condition, might be effective in remediation of Pb contaminated soils, especially, in low levels of contamination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil contamination
  • Accumulation
  • tolerance
  • Phytoremediation
  • lead
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