نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

اندازه‌گیری غلظت ترکیبات آلی فرار کل، منوکسید کربن و ذرات معلق هوای زیر گذر حرم مطهر امام رضا، مشهد مقدس (پارکینگ شیرازی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدة علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه خردگرایان مطهر، مشهد

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه خرد گرایان مطهر، مشهد

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکدة بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه اندازه گیری آلاینده های هوا شامل ترکیبات آلی فرار (VOC)، منوکسید کربن (CO)، و ذرات معلق کمتر از 10 میکرون (PM10) از ابتدای فروردین تا پایان آبان سال 1395 می باشد. طی 8 ماه 144 نمونه برای آلاینده های VOC،CO وPM10 با دو بار تکرار در هر ماه در سه ایستگاه جمع آوری شد. آلاینده ها در ساعت یک بعد از ظهر در زیر گذر حرم مطهر رضوی اندازه گیری شد. اندازه گیری VOC و CO توسط دستگاه قرائت مستقیم مجهز به سنسور الکتروشیمیایی (Multi- RAE) و اندازه گیری ذرات معلق با دستگاه Haz-Dustمدل EPAM5000، مطابق با استانداردهای سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا، انجام شد. شاخص کیفیت هوا (AQI) برای آلاینده های مورد بررسی (VOC، CO، و PM10) با استفاده از روش میانیابی خطی طبق استانداردها ملی کیفیت هوای آزاد (NAAQS) محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین غلظت آلاینده CO مربوط به ایستگاه مرکزی پارکینگ یک (پارکینگ شیرازی) با میانگین ppm31/22 و کمترین آن مربوط به ایستگاه خروجی پارکینگ یک به خیابان امام رضا (ع) با میانگین ppm 5/7 و بعد از آن ورودی پارکینگ یک از خیابان شیرازی با غلظتppm 8 می باشد. غلظت منوکسید کربن و PM10 در ایستگاه مرکزی پارکینگ بالاتر از حد استاندارد حفاظت محیط زیست ایران (ppm 9 برای منوکسید کربن وµg/m3 150 برای ذرات معلق) بود. شاخص کیفیت هوا در مورد منوکسید کربن برای تمام ماه ها به جز آبان و شاخص کیفیت هوا برای PM10 برای خرداد ماه و شهریور بالاتر از حد استاندارد بود. به علاوه بالاترین غلظت ترکیبات آلی فرار در شهریور ماه گزارش شد و به طور کلی آلودگی در دوره گرم نسبت به دوره سرد نمونه برداری بیشتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Carbon Monoxide, and Particulate Matters in Underpass of Emam Reza Holy Shrine, Mashhad (Shirazi Parking)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghasem Zolfaghari 1
  • Mitra Mohammadi 2
  • Fatemeh Arab Amery 3
  • Mehri Delsouz 4

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Khorasan -e- Razavi, Sabzevar, P.O. Box: 397, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kheradgarayan Motahar Institute of Higher Education

3 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kheradgarayan Motahar Institute of Higher Education

4 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to measure airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and suspended particles of less than 10 microns (PM10) from April to November 2016. Over the course of 8 months, 144 samples were collected for pollutants VOC, CO and PM10 with two replicates per month at three stations. The pollutants were measured at one o'clock in the evening. VOC and CO measurements were performed by the American-made Multi-RAE direct reading device and the Haz-Dust EPAM5000 Hazard Particle Measurement, in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The air quality index (AQI) for pollutants (VOC, CO, and PM10) was calculated using linear correlation methodology according to the National Open Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The results showed that the highest concentration of CO pollutants was related to the center of Shirazi parking with an average of 22.31 ppm, and the lowest was related to parking exit from Imam Reza Street with a mean of 7.5 ppm and then the parking entrance from Shirazi Streets with a concentration of 8 ppm. The concentration of carbon monoxide and PM10 at Shirazi parking station was higher than the standard of Iran Department of Environment (9 ppm, 150 μg/m3). The air quality index for carbon monoxide for all months except November and the air quality index for PM10 for June and September were higher than the standard. In addition, the highest concentration of volatile organic compounds was reported in September and, in general, contamination was higher during the warm period than the cold period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air pollutants
  • Air quality index
  • monitoring
  • Razavi Holy Shrine
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 70، شماره 4
دی 1396
صفحه 829-842