بررسی میزان موفقیت جوجه آوری گاوچرانک Bubulcus ibis در جزیرة علی سیاه در رودخانة کارون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 دانش آموختة گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

بررسی مراحل تولید مثل و میزان موفقیت زاد آوری گاوچرانک یا اگرت­رمه­ای (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus,1758) در جزیرة علی سیاه در رودخانة کارون در محدودة شهر اهواز از دی ماه سال 1392 آغاز و در خردادماه 1393 خاتمه یافت. در این بررسی مراحل و میزان موفقیت زاد آوری گاوچرانک در 60 آشیانه بررسی شد. مشاهدات نشان داد، زمان آغاز آشیانه سازی، اواخردی­ماه، میانگین دوران تفریخ تخم­ها 22 روز، میانگین تعداد تخم‌ها به ازاء هر آشیانه 9/3، میانگین دوران رشد جوجه‌ها 33 روز، اتمام جوجه­آوری اوایل خرداد ماه بود. اندازه­گیری ابعاد 234 تخم در 60 اشیانه نشان داد میانگین شاخص شکل تخم­ها، 56/75، میانگین حجم تخم­ها 8/14±97/20 سانتی مترمکعب، میانگین قطر کوچک تخم‌ها 06/1±36/28، میانگین قطر بزرگ تخم­ها 26/1±73/37 میلی متر، میانگین وزن تخم­ها 34/4±14/24 و میانگین وزن آشیانه­ها 40/9 ±98/463 گرم تعیین شد. میانگین دوران جوجگی nestling 13 روز، دوران Post-Nestling 16 روز، میانگین زمان پرواز کامل جوجه‌ها 14 روز تعیین شد. طول دورة زادآوری بین 84 تا 90روز، و میزان موفقیت جوجه­آوری 33/73 درصد تعیین شد. جمعیت جوجه­آوری گاوچرانک در جزیرة علی سیاه 448 جفت شمارش شد. مشاهدات در سال 1394 نشان داد که جزیرة علی سیاه لایروبی و از بین رفت و کلنی جوجه­آور اگرت رمه‌ای نیز متلاشی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Breeding Success Rate of Cattle Egret Bubucus ibis at Ali-Siah Island in Karon River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrouz Behrouzi-Rad 1
  • Mostafa Zeinali Shalmaei 2

1 Academic Staff

2 Dpartmen of Environment office

چکیده [English]

Reproduction success rate of Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus, 1758 carried out on the island of Ali Siah in Karon River in Ahvaz city since January 2013 and was completed in May 2014. In this study, the stages and success rate of species was measured in 60 nests. Observations showed that the start of nesting was late in December, the mean hatching time of eggs were 22 days, the average number of eggs per nest was 3.9, the average growth time of the chickens was 33 days, the end of the breeding was early in June. Measuring the size of 234 eggs in 60 nests showed that the average egg shape index was 75.56, the average volume of eggs was 20.99 ± 14.8 cubic meters, the mean small diameter of the eggs was 28.36 ± 1.96, the mean large diameter of the eggs were 37.73 ± 1.26 mm, the mean weight of eggs were 24.41 ± 4.34 gr, and the mean weight of nests were 463.98 ± 9.40 grams. The average Nestling time was 13 days, the average Post-Nestling time was 16 days, and the average total flight time for chickens was 14 days. The breeding period was 84-90 days and the reproductive success rate was 73.33%. The breeding population of Cattle Egret on the Ali Siah Island was estimated 448 pairs. Observations in 2015 showed that the Ali Siah Island was destroyed and breeding colony of the Cattle Egret was destroyed on this island.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cattle Egret
  • Success Rate of Reproduction
  • Breeding Stages
  • Ali Siah Island
  • Karon River
Abdelkrim, S. I., Christophe, B., Salaheddine, D., Heinz, H. 2008. Nest site selection and breeding success in an expanding species, the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis. Journal of Ardea, Vol 96(1): 99–107.
Abraham, C.L.  Sydeman, W. J., 2004. Ocean climate, euphuists and auklet nesting: Inter-annual trends and variation in phenology, diet and growth of a planktivorous seabird. Journal of Marine Ecology, 274: 235–250.
Behrouzi-Rad, B., 2013. Investigation of breeding biology of House Crow Corvus mandelus at Kharg Island. Dep. of Environment of Bousher Province, Unpublished report, 256 p. (In Persian)
Behrouzi-Rad, B., 2015. Report of birds of Karon River Project. Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Unpublished, 234p. (In Persian).
Butchart, S., Ekstrom J., Malpas L., 2012. Species Factsheet: Bubulcus ibis. (Accessed10th November, 2012. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=373.
Brichetti, P., Grussu, M., 1992. Airone guardabuoi Bubulcus ibis. In: Brichetti P, De Franceschi P, Baccetti N (eds). Fauna d’Italia. Aves. I. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, pp. 165-171.
Burger, J., 2006. Bioindicators, types, development, and use in ecological assessment and research. Journal of Environmental Bioindicators, 1:22–39.
Cramp S., Simmons, K.E.L., 1977. The birds of the western Palearctic. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.450p.
Dindo, J., Marion, K., 1987. The influence of a major weather event on Cat Island. Alabama. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin, 34: 133-148.
Dragonetti, M., Giovacchini, P., 2009. Aspects of breeding biology of Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in a Grosseto province colony (Tuscany, central Italy). Journal of Avocetta, 33: 199-204.
Einoder, L.D., 2009. A review of the use of seabirds as indicators in fisheries and ecosystem management. Journal of Fish Research, 95:6–13.
German C. M. F., 2004. Observaciones sobra la anidaciòn de tres especies de ardeidos en el estero Boca Negra, Jalisco, Mexico. Journal of Huitzil 5: 7-11.
Girma, M., Yosef, M., Kefyalew, S., Chris, E., Afework, B., 2014. Effects of Land use on birds diversity in and around Lake Zeway, Ethiopia. Journal of Science & Development, 2(2):5-22.
Hilaluddin, M., Aisha S., Afifullah Khan, H.S.A., Yahya, R. K., 2003. Nesting ecology of Cattle Egrets and Little Egrets in Amroha, Uttar Pradesh India. Journal of Forktail, 22: 133-
Hafner, H., 1978. Le success de reproduction de quatre especes d’ardeides Egretta g. garzetta L., Ardeola r. ralloides. Ardeola i. ibis, Nycticorax n. nycticorax en Camargue. La Terre, et al., Vie 32: 279-289.136.
Hilaluddin, M., Shah, J.N., Shawl T.A., 2003. Nest site selection and breeding Success by Cattle Egret and Little Egret in Amroha Uttar Pradesh India. Journal of Waterbirds, 26(4): 444-448.
Iyer, M. K., 2004. Nesting of Phalacrocoracidae, Threskiornithidae and Ardeidae at
Ahmedabad Zoo. Newsletter for Birdwatchers, 44(3): 43-44.
Kaur, K.T., Kumar, M., Mehta, M., 2014. Breeding biology of Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in
Villages of Ludhiana Punjab. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Vol.4(8):683-685.
Kushlan, J.A., Hafner, H., 2000. Heron Conservation. Academic Press, London.
Kushlan, J. A., 1993. Colonial waterbirds as bioindicators of environmental change. Journal of Colonial Waterbirds, Vol. 16, No. 2: 223-251.
Khosravi. P., 2007. Investigation of diet of Ardeidae at Ali Siah Island in Karon River. M.S.Thesis, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Ahvaz, 145 p. (In Persian).
Nefla, A., Tlili, W., Oun, R., Nouira, S., 2015. Habitat use and breeding biology of Herons in the Ramsar Wetlands of Northern Tunisia, Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(6): 1572-1584.
Nikbaghri, p., 2004. Investigation of Breeding population of Ardeaidae at Ali siah island in Karon River, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Ahvaz. 145 p.(In Persian).
Novel, D. K., Sahi, D. N., 2013. Aspects of breeding biology of Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus (boddaert) in Jammu India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol 3(5):1547-1561.
Panda, P.C., 1996. Hape and Texture, In Textbook on egg and poultry technology. 57p.
Parejo, D., Sanchez, G. J.M., Aviles, J..M., 2001. Breeding biology of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in southern Spain. Journal of Bird Study, 48: 367–372.
Patankar, P., Desai I., Shinde K., Suresh, B., 2007. Ecology and breeding biology
of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in an industrial area at Vadodra. Gujarat, Zoos’ Print
Journal, 22(11): 2885-2888.
Petry, M.A., Fonseca., VSDS., 2005. Breeding success of the colonist species Bubulcus ibis and four native species. Journal of Acta Zoologica, 86: 217-221.
Prosper, J., Hafner, H., 1996. Breeding aspects of the colonial Ardeidae in the Albufera de Valencia, Spain: Population changes, phenology and reproductive success of the three most abundant species. Journal of Colonial Waterbirds, 19: 98-107.
Rendon, M. A., Green, A.J., Aguilera, E., Almaraz, P., 2008. Status, distribution and long-term changes in the waterbird community wintering in Doñana southwest Spain. Journal of Biological Conservation, 141: 1371-1388.
Radim, P., Ivan, L., Marcel, H., 1998. Breeding biology and migration of the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in the Czech Silavia. Biologia Bratislava, 53 (5): 685-694.
Raxit, P. J., Rajesh, C. S., Chirag, A. A., 2016. Breeding Chronology of Cattle Egret Bubulcus Ibis. Journal of Science, 5:1-7.
Ruiz, X., Petriz, J., Jover, L., 1992. Estimating internal egg volumes from linear dimensions: Isomorphy in eggs belonging to the family Ardeidae. Misc. Zoology, 16: 254-257.
Ranglak, S.G., Angus, R..A., Marion, K. R., 1999. Physical and temporal factors influencing breeding success of Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in a west Alabama Colony. Journal of Colonial Waterbirds, 14: 140-149.
Singh, N. Sodhi, N.S., Khera, S., 1988. Biology of the Cattle Egret bubulcus ibis coromandus. Records of Zoological Survey of India,104: 1-152.
Seedikkoya, K. P., Azeez, A. Shukkur, E. A., 2005. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis habitat use and association with cattle. http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/21pdf/Seedikkoya-CattleEgret.pdf
Wayne, J., Angela, A., Arendt, I., 1984. Aspects of the breeding biology of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in Montserrat West Indies and its impact on nest vegetation. Journal of Colonial Waterbirds, 11(1): 72-84.
Weber, J.W., 1975. Notes on Cattle Egret breeding. Journal of Auk, 92: 111-117.