تئوری فرهنگی و تبیین نگرش زیست محیطی (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مسائل زیست­­­محیـطی به یکی از مهم­ترین دغدغه­های ملی و بین­المللی تبدیل شده است. به­طوری که بهره­برداری غیراصولی از منابع­طبیعی و زمین در ایران، امنیت محیط­زیست را به چالش کشیده و در حال حاضر بهبود وضعیت آن نیازمند یک رویکرد اساسی است. رویکرد مورد نظر در این مقاله یک رویکرد جامعه شناختی است؛ بدین معنا که برای به­سازی وضعیت زیست محیطی باید به جایگاه محیط­زیست و حفظ آن در زندگی مردم جامعه نگاه کرد و از طریق تغییر در نگرش و کنش های زیست محیطی مردم، به سمت پایداری زیست­محیطی حرکت کرد. لذا این مقاله در صدد تبیین نگرش زیست­محیطی دانشجویان از طریق سوگیری های فرهنگی آنان بوده است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مذکور از استراتژی استقرایی و تکنیک پیمایش استفاده شده است. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای 400 نفر از دانشجویان به تفکیک سه متغیر جنسیت،
دورهً­تحصیلی و گروه تحصیلی به عنوان جمعیت نمونه انتخاب شدند. یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که نگرش زیست­محیطی دانشجویان در حد مطلوب و رضایت بخشی است و دانشجویانی که گروه تحصیلی آن­ها با موضوعات زیست­محیطی بیشتر مرتبط بوده (علوم کشاورزی و علوم پایه) نگرش مناسب­تری نسبت به محیط­زیست داشته­اند. همچنین افزایش سطح تحصیلات دانشجویان، نگرش زیست محیطی آنها را مطلوب­تر می‏سازد. افزون بر آن، آزمون فرضیه­ها تاًیید کنندۀ تاثیر سوگیری­های فرهنگی بر نگرش زیست­محیطی بوده و مدل رگرسیونی نیز مشخص کرد که 28 درصد از تغییرات نگرش زیست­محیطی بوسیلۀ چهار سوگیری فرهنگی؛ تقدیرگرایی، فردگرایی، سلسله مراتبی و مساوات طلبی تبیین می­شود و در این میان، بیشترین تأثیر را سوگیری مساوات­طلبی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cultural theory and Explain of environmental attitude(Case of Study, University of Tehran students)

نویسندگان [English]

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چکیده [English]

One of the most important environmental problems of national and international concerns has become. So that inappropriate utilization of natural resources and land in Iran, to challenging security environment And now it requires a basic approach is improved. The approach taken in this paper is a sociological approach; This means that to improve the environmental situation in life should be to protect the environment and the people looked And through changes in environmental attitudes and actions of people moved toward environmental sustainability. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain the environmental attitudes of students through cultural bias them.
To achieve these goals Inductive strategy and survey technique has been used. Using stratified random sampling 400 students of the three variables of sex, course of study and academic groups were selected.
The findings show that students' environmental attitudes is desirable and satisfying And students who group their education more relevant environmental issues (Agricultural Sciences and Science) attitude towards the environment have been more appropriate. Promoting educational, environmental attitude makes them more desirable. In addition, Hypothesis testing confirmed the impact of cultural bias on environmental attitudes and multiple regression model revealed that 28% of environmental change in attitude by four cultural biases, fatalism, individualism, hierarchical and egalitarian explained and in the meantime, had the greatest impact egalitarian bias.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: cultural bias
  • environmental attitude
  • Environmental
  • Student
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