نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی اثرات هیدرولوژیکی بهره‌برداری تک گزینی جنگل بر رواناب سطحی و رسوب (مطالعۀ موردی: جنگل خیرود)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کاهش پوشش جنگلی و گیاهی در اثر بهره­برداری، عمدتاً باعث افزایش حجم رواناب سطحی می­شود. یکی از روش­های بهره­برداری جنگل، در شمال ایران به شیوۀ گزینشی است. این تحقیق در بخش گرازبن جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی خیرود، با هدف تعیین تأثیرات بهره­برداری گزینشی بر حجم رواناب سطحی، ضریب رواناب و غلظت رسوب، انجام شده است. بر این اساس پلات­های دو متر مربعی و در قالب چهار تکرار در دو منطقأ شاهد (بدون بهره­برداری) و منطقۀ بهره­برداری شده به روش تک گزینی در دو کلاسه شیب 0-20 % و 20-40 % ایجاد شد و بارندگی­های طبیعی به وقوع پیوسته از آذر 1393 تا آذر 1394، برای تعیین میزان رواناب سطحی و میزان رسوب، اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج تحقیق بیان­گر عدم تأثیر معنی­دار (05/0Pvalue≥)، تغییر پوشش تاجی و علفی در اثر بهره­برداری و شیب، بر میزان رواناب سطحی و رسوب است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد تغییر فصل، تنها بر میزان رسوب معنی­دار بوده است. میزان رواناب، ضریب رواناب و غلظت رسوب در منطقۀ بهره­برداری شده به روش تک گزینی، به ترتیب 4/1، 3/2 و 16/1 برابر بیشتر از منطقۀ شاهد (بدون بهره­برداری) بوده است. همچنین نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس رگرسیونی نشان داد که بین میزان بارندگی و میزان رواناب، ارتباط معناداری (05/0Pvalue≤) وجود دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hydrological Effects of Forest selective harvesting on runoff and sediment yields (case study: Kheyrud Forest)

نویسندگان [English]

  • a a 1
  • a a 2
  • q q 3
  • q q 4

1 a

2 a

3 q

4 q

چکیده [English]

Reduction of vegetative cover by forest harvesting generally increases the average surface runoff volume and sediment yield for a given area of land. Forest harvesting in northern forests of Iran is managed using a selective harvesting and logging system. Towards this attempt, the present study has been conducted to investigate the effect of forest harvesting on hydrological components in plot scale (2m*1m) with four replicates in tow slope scale (0-20%, 20-40%) in the northern forests of Iran during December 2014, December 2015. The rain depth was measured by using a rain gauge installed in the study area. The runoff volume and coefficient and sediment yield were also measured through field data collection and lab analyses by weighting and decantation methods. The results of the study showed that there was no significant effects of forest harvesting (P<0.05) on runoff volume and sediment yield and there was significant effects of seasons change (P<0.05) on sediment yield. So that, the ratios of runoff and runoff coefficient, and sediment concentration in harvested area was respectively found some 1/4, 2/3 and 1/16 times of those recorded for control forest area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • forest selective harvesting
  • Kheyrud forest
  • Runoff coefficient
  • Runoff
  • Sediment yield
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 70، شماره 3
آذر 1396
صفحه 481-491