بررسی فلزات سنگین در موجودات سطوح تروفیکی مختلف از بخش جنوب غربی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آب های داخلی، بندر انزلی

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در این مطالعه بزرگنمایی زیستی فلزات سنگین در موجودات از سطوح تروفیک مختلف دریای خزر  بررسی گردید. موجودات فراوان و ساکن در سه منطقۀ آستارا، انزلی و چابکسر مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. سه گونۀ بی­مهره شامل ماکرو زئو پلانکتون Mnemiposis leidyi، صدف Cerastoderma glucaum ، سخت پوست  Balanus improvisus  و پنج گونۀ ماهی شامل دو گونۀ گاو ماهی کفزی از جنسNeogobius ، گل آذین ماهی Atherina boyeri، شاه کولی Alburnus chalcoides و ماهی سفید Rutilus kutum و پستاندار دریای خزر Phoca caspica موجودات مورد مطالعه را تشکیل دادند. مقادیر ایزوتوپ­های پایدار کربن 13 و نیتروژن  15 در اولین مصرف کنندگان سه منطقه تفاوت معنی­دار نشان دادند. گونۀ فک دارای بالاترین مقدار 15Nδ  و سطح تروفی بود. غلظت بیشتر فلزات در ماکرو زئو پلانکتون، صدف و سخت پوست  
اندازه­گیری شده درحالی­که در عضلۀ ماهیان و فک در حد سنجش دستگاه نبود. بیشترین غلظت کبالت و نیکل در صدف و  بیشترین غلظت روی، استرانسیوم و منگنز در سخت پوست سنجش گردید. ضریب همبستگی منفی بین غلظت بیشتر فلزات و سطح تروفی که بیانگر عدم بزرگنمایی زیستی فلزات در زنجیرۀ مورد مطالعه بود، مشاهده شده است. نتایج ارزیابی­ها نشان داد که مقدار شاخص آلودگی فلزات (MPI) در منطقۀ انزلی بیشتر از مناطق آستارا و چابکسر بوده است. نتایج این بررسی ضمن آنکه توانایی برخی گونه­ها را به­عنوان شاخص زیستی در سطح منطقه­ای و بین­المللی نشان داده، امکان مقایسۀ میزان آلودگی دریای خزر را نسبت به بسیاری از نقاط دنیا فراهم نموده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of metals in organisms from different trophic levels of the southwest Caspian

نویسندگان [English]

  • alireza mirzajani 1
  • Amir Hossein Hamidian 2
  • mahmod karami 3

چکیده [English]

The Caspian Sea, as the largest land-enclosed drainage area in the world has been endangered by various environmental pollutants, discharged from coastal catchment. In this study the trophodynamics of metals are investigated in different organisms from the Caspian food web. Furthermore, the species with potential bio-indicator abilities have also been distinguished. Nine species including three invertebrates Mnemiposis leidyi, Cerastoderma glucaum and Balanus improvises; five fish species Neogobius spp, Atherina boyeri, Alburnus chalcoides, Rutilus kutum and the Caspian seal Phoca caspica were studied in three regions of the southwestern Caspian: i.e. Astara, Anzali and Chaboksar. The stable isotope of primary producer (POM) was very various in each region compare to those from primary consumers. Phoca caspica had the highest average δ15N and TLs as the top of the food chain. The concentrations of metals for the most samples of fish were below the detection limits; while the concentrations were detected in most invertebrate samples. Our results suggested the abilities of Cerastoderma glucaum as indicator of Ni and Co contamination. Balanus improvises had a high capacity for Zn, Sr, Mn and Cu bioconcentration. By comparing ln-concentration of metals vs. TLs, no metal biomagnification was observed. The marine pollution index in Anzali region was higher than those in Astara and Chaboksar regions. While this study provides the basic data from southwestern Caspian Sea; C. glucaum and B. improvises could be proper bioindicator species for worldwide comparison of metal pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caspian Sea
  • Heavy metals
  • stable isotope
  • trophic level
  • organisms
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