بررسی عوامل موثر بر کربن آلی خاک در یک برش اقلیمی در استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیارگروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

کربن آلی خاک، به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان باروری، سلامت و کیفیت خاک شناخته شده است. در مقیاس منطقه‌ای اقلیم می‌تواند به ‌صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم تعیین کنندۀ مقدار کربن آلی خاک باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر مقدار و تغییرات کربن آلی خاک در خاک سطحی در امتداد یک برش اقلیمی در استان کرمانشاه بود. در این منطقه، دما از 6 تا 4/18 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد و بارندگی از 273 تا 835 میلی‌متر تغییر می‌کند. در این منطقه، دما از 6 تا 4/18 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد و بارندگی از 273 تا 835 میلی‌متر تغییر می‌کند. ارتفاع منطقۀ مورد مطالعه از سطح دریا 609 تا 1881 متر است. بین بارندگی و دما با ارتفاع همبستگی قوی وجود داشت ک، با افزایش ارتفاع، دما کاهش و بارندگی افزایش پیدا می‌کند. برای این مطالعه در امتداد یک برش اقلیمی، تعداد 56 نمونه خاک از دو عمق 15- 0 و 30- 15 سانتی‌متری خاک‌های تشکیل شده در موقعیت‌های با شیب یکسان (بخش تخت شیب) رسوبات آهکی کرتاسه با کاربری مرتع برداشت شد. مقدار کربن آلی خاک در عمق 15-0 سانتی‌متری از 2/1 تا 44/2 درصد و در عمق 30-15 سانتی‌متری از 4/0 تا 61/2 درصد تغییر می‌کرد. میانگین کربن آلی خاک در دو عمق به‌ترتیب 2/1 و 04/1 درصد بود. بین مقدار کربن آلی خاک و پارامترهای اقلیمی ارتباط معنی‌داری دیده نشد. به نظر می‌رسد دامنۀ تغییرات دما و بارندگی در این منطقه در حدی نیست که  تأثیر قابل توجهی بر تولید زیست توده داشته باشند. همبستگی مثبت بین کربن آلی خاک با مقدار رس و سیلت و همبستگی منفی با مقدار شن، نشان داد که در این منطقه، تفاوت در توزیع اندازۀ ذرات خاک، عامل اصلی تغییرات کربن آلی خاک است. افزایش ذرات ریز در خاک از یک سو با افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و در نتیجه ایجاد شرایط برای ایجاد پوشش گیاهی مناسب، باعث تولید کربن آلی بیشتر می‌شوند؛ از سوی دیگر، با تشکیل کمپلکس‌های رس (سیلت)-هوموس، مواد  آلی را از تجزیه محافظت می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the Factors affecting soil organic carbon along a gradient climate in Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Mansuri 1
  • Alireza Karimi 2
  • Hojat Emamy 2
  • Yahya pARVIZI 3

1

2

3 Academic member of Soil and Water Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Eduacation Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Kermansha, Iran

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