نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

پهنه‏ بندی ماهانۀ میزان آلودگی هوا و بررسی نحوۀ ارتباط آن با عوامل اقلیمی (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر مشهد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه ژئومورفولوژی و اقلیم‏شناسی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، کارشناسی ارشد سنجش از دور و GIS، سبزوار، توحید‌شهر، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، گروه جغرافیا

2 کارشناسی ارشد اقلیم‏ شناسی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

3 آموزگار منطقۀ 4 تهران

چکیده

گسترش شهرنشینی و رشد جمعیت و نیز زائرپذیر بودن برخی شهرها، زمینۀ استفادۀ بیش از حد از وسایل نقلیه و به‌تبع افزایش آلودگی را فراهم می‏آورد. بنابراین، با توجه به اهمیت تأثیر آلودگی هوا بر سلامت انسان، در این پژوهش میزان آلودگی هوا از ‌نظر 10PM با استفاده از شاخص استاندارد آلودگی هوا (PSI[1]) و روش وزن‌دهی معکوس فاصله ([2]IDW) در شهر مشهد پهنه‏بندی شده است. از طرفی پارامترهای اقلیمی نظیر سرعت باد، جهت باد و میزان بارش نیز تحلیل شده است. با مقایسه و همپوشانی آنها در محیط سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی ([3]GIS) و نیز بررسی میزان ارتباط بین عوامل اقلیمی و شاخص PSI از طریق همبستگی پیرسون، تأثیر عوامل اقلیمی بر کاهش آلودگی هوا تا حدی مشهود است‌ به‏طوری‏که در ماه فروردین به‌دلیل وجود بارش‏های بهاره از میزان آلودگی هوا کاسته شده و در ماه‏های دی و بهمن به‌دلیل وارونگی هوا و برخورداری از بارش کمتر، میزان آلودگی هوا نسبت به ماه‏های گرم سال افزایش یافته است. علاوه بر این، عامل جهت باد بیشترین تأثیر را در کاهش آلودگی هوا داشته و در ماه‏های فروردین و آذر، بیشترین ارتباط بین آنها (به‌ترتیب 902/0- r =،014/0 p = و 817/0-r =،04/0 p =) به چشم می‏خورد. در بیشتر ماه‏ها، بیشترین آلودگی هوا در اطراف ایستگاه‏های صدف، لشگر و نخ‌ریسی در مرکز شهر با داشتن ترافیک بیشتر و نیز میزان بارش و سرعت باد کمتر و جهت باد موافق مشهود است.



[1]. Pollutant Standard Index


[2]. Inverse Distance Weighting


[3]. Geographic Information System

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monthly Zoning of the Air Pollution and Surveying its Relationship with Climatic Factors (Case Study: Mashhad City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Akbari 1
  • Masoume Fakheri 2
  • Efat Pourgholamhasan 2
  • Zahra Akbari 3

1

2

3

چکیده [English]

Urbanization expanse and population growth, as well as pilgrim's possibility of some cities provide overuse of vehicles and consequently increased air pollution. Thus by considering the importance of the impact of air pollution on human health, in this study, air pollution in terms of PM10 using PSI standard index and inverse distance weighting is zoned in Mashhad. On the other hand, meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction and rainfall have also been analyzed, by comparing and overlapping in geographic information system and also by evaluation the relationship between climatic factors and PSI index using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the impact of climatic factors on air pollution reduction is partially visible. So that in end of March and early of April has reduced the amount of air pollution due to spring rainfall and in the months of January and February, air pollution levels have risen than warm months due to less precipitation and temperature inversion. In addition, the wind direction had the greatest impact on reducing of air pollution and in the end of March and early of April and December, appear the highest correlation between them (r = - 0.902, p = 0.014, r = -0.817, p = 0.04 respectively). The most of air pollution have been seen in the city center around Sadaf, Lashgar and Nakhrisi stations in majority of months, having more traffic, as well as less rainfall and wind speed and favorable wind direction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • air pollution Zoning
  • climatic factors
  • Correlation Analysis
  • GIS and PSI
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 68، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 4
دی 1394
صفحه 533-547