نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر میزان ذخیره و تصاعد کربن خاک (مطالعۀ موردی: مراتع خشک ایوانکی، استان سمنان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان‏

2 استادیار دانشکدۀ کویر‏شناسی دانشگاه سمنان

3 دانشجوی دکتری مرتع‏داری دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

با توجه به اینکه کاربری‏های متفاوت اراضی در میزان ذخیره و تصاعد کربن تأثیر زیادی دارند، در این پژوهش چهار تیمار شامل درمنه‏زار به‌منزلۀ شاهد، درمنه‌زار تبدیل‌شده به تاغ‌زار، درمنه‌زار تبدیل‌شده به زیتون‌کاری و درمنه‌زار تبدیل‌شده به مناطق مسکونی، با هدف بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی مرتعی بر ذخایر کربن در مراتع ایوانکی استان سمنان انتخاب شدند. ذخایر کربن در بخش پوشش گیاهی و خاک در هر تیمار اندازه‏گیری شد و نتایج نشان داد که تبدیل اراضی مرتعی به کشت گیاهان مختلف موجب افزایش ذخایر کربن در اجزای گیاهی می‌شود؛ در بخش خاک، مقدار کربن در تیمار اراضی مسکونی کمتر و در تاغ‌زار بیشتر از شاهد است و در تیمار زیتون‌کاری تفاوت معنا‏داری با شاهد مشاهده نمی‏شود. از سوی دیگر بیشترین میزان تصاعد کربن سالانه در مناطق مسکونی (4526 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال) صورت گرفته و کمترین مربوط به تاغ‌زار (1606 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال) است. بیشترین میزان تصاعد کربن از خاک در مرداد‌ماه (32/3 گرم کربن در متر‌مربع در روز) در اراضی مسکونی اتفاق افتاده است و کمترین میزان تصاعد کربن در بهمن‌ماه در تاغ‌زار (‌05/0 گرم بر متر‌مربع در روز) صورت گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از مقادیر ذخیره و تصاعد کربن در مناطق مطالعه‌شده توصیه می‏شود در اجرای پروژه‌های اجرایی و توسعه‌ای اول اینکه تا حد ممکن کمترین دخالت و دستکاری در طبیعت صورت گیرد و دوم‌ اینکه متناسب با نرخ افزایش تصاعد کربن ناشی از تغییر کاربری مراتع به مناطق مسکونی، اقدام به ایجاد پوشش گیاهی دایمی و پایدار در مناطق مورد نظر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of land use change on soil carbon sequestration and emissions (case study: arid rangelands of Eivanakei, Semnan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Joneidi 1
  • Ahmad Sadeghipour 2
  • Nadia Kamali 3
  • shima nikoo 2

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan

2 Assistant professor, Department of Desert Science, Semnan University

3 Ph.D. student, Department of Natural Resources, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Due to the notable role of different land uses in carbon sequestration and emission, four treatments including rangeland as control, Haloxylon plantation area, Olea plantation (olive garden), and Residential lands, were selected to study the effects of land use change on soil carbon sequestration and emissions in Eivanakei rangelands, Semnan province. Carbon stocks in vegetation and soil of each treatment were measured and the results showed that the conversion of rangelands to plant cultivation will increase the carbon stocks in vegetal parts of ecosystem. Residential Land soil carbon content is fewer than control, but olive garden and Haloxylon planted area is not significantly different from control. On the other hand, the highest annual carbon emission was observed in residential area (4526 kg/ ha/year) and the lowest in Haloxylon plantation (1606 kg/ ha/year). Most of the carbon emission from soil has occurred in August (3.32 g C/m2/day) in residential areas and the lowest in February in Haloxylon plantation (0.05 g C/m2/day). According to the results of carbon sequestration and emission in​​ the study area, it is recommended to exert minimal intervention and manipulation in natural regimes during the rehabilitation projects; also proportional to the rate of increase in carbon emissions resulting from change of rangelands to residential areas, establishment of permanent sustainable and indigenous vegetation should be prioritized

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbon sequestration
  • Carbon émission
  • Eivanakei rangelands
  • land use change

  1.  

    1. Ardo, J., Olsson, L., 2003. Assessment of soil organic carbon in semi-arid Sudan using GIS and the CENTURY model. Journal of Arid Environments 54 (4), 633 -651.
    2. Carlson, K.M., Curran, L.M., Ratnasari, D., Pittman, A.M., Soares-Filho, B.S., Asner, G.P., Trigg, S.N., Gaveau, D.A., Lawrencei, D., and Rodrigues H.O., 2012. Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. PNAS: vol. 109 no. 19: 7559–7564.
    3. Farage, P. K., Ardo, J., Olsson, L., Rienzi, E. A., Ball, A.S., and Pretty, J. N., 2007. The Potential of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Three Tropical Dryland Farming Systems of Africa and Latin America: A modelling approach. Soil and Tillage Research, 94: 457– 472.
    4. Francisco, M.P., Vidal B, Sánchez J., and Pugnaire Francisco I., 2010. Land-use changes and carbon sequestration through the twentieth century in a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem: Implications for land management. Volume 91, Issue 12, Pages 2688–2695.
    5. Grunzweig, J.M. Lin, T., Rotenberg, E., Schwartz, A., and Yakir, D., 2003. Carbon sequestration in arid-land forest. Global Change Biology 9,791 -799.
    6. Hassink, J., 1997. The capacity of soils to preserve organic C and N by their association with clay and silt particles, Plant Soil 191, pp. 77-87.
    7. Hirata, R., Hirano, T., Saigusa, N., Fujinuma, Y., Inukai, K., Kitamori, Y., Takahashi, Y., and Yamamoto, S., 2007. Seasonal and interannual variations in carbon dioxide exchange of a temperate larch forest, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 147, 110–124.
    8. Houghton, R.A., House, J.I., Pongratz, J., Van der werf, G.R., DeFries, R.S. , Hansen, M.C., Le Quéré, C., and Ramankutty, N., 2012. Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change. Biogeosciences, 9: 5125-5142.
    9. Jauhiainen, J., Hooijer, A., and Page, S.E., 2012.Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences, 9, 617–630.
    10. Joneidi Jafari, H., 2009. Effect of some ecological factors and management on carbon sequestration of Artemisia sieberi (case study: Semnan province), PhD thesis of university of Tehran., 130p.

    11. Kordowski, K.,  Kuttler, W., 2010. Carbon dioxide fluxes over an urban park area, Atmospheric Environment: Volume 44, Issue 23: 2722–2730.

    12. Lal, R., 2004. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, Geoderma 123: 1-22.

    13. Lal, R., 2005, Climate change, soil carbon dynamics and global food security, In: Lal, Rattan, B. A. Stewart, Norman Uphoff and David O. Hansen (eds), Climate change and global food security, CRC press, Taylor & Francis, pp. 113-143.

    14. Lal, R., 2006. Enhancing crop yields in the developing countries through restoration of the soil organic carbon pool in agricultural lands. Land Degradation and Development 17, 197–209.

    15. Lal, R., 2009. Soils and world food security (Editorial). Soil and Tillage Research 102, 1–4.

    16. Le Quere, C., Raupach, M.R., Canadell, J.G., Marland, G., Bopp, L., and Ciais, P., 2009. Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, Nat. Geosci., 2, 831–836.

    17. Leiber-Sauheitl, K., Fuß, R., and Freibauer. M., 2013. High greenhouse gas fluxes from grassland on histic gleysol along soil carbon and drainage gradients. Biogeosciences Discuss., 10, 11283–11317

    18. Luo, Y., Zhou, X., 2006. Soil Respiration and the Environment. 320pp.

    19. Omonode, Rex A., Vyn T.J., 2006. Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogene under warm-season native grass relative to cropland in west-central Indiana, USA, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 117: 159-170.

    20. Osat, M., Heidari, A.,2010. Effects of urban development on carbon sequestration in  Karaj County, Iran. The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System

    21. Paustian, K., Six, J., Elliott, E.T., and Hunt, H.W., 2000. Management options for reducing CO2 emissions from agricultural soils. Biogeochemistry 48, 147–163.

    22. Post W.M., Kwon, K.C., 2000. Soil carbon sequestration and land- use change, processes and potential. Global change biology 6:3, 317-327.

    23. Powers J.S., Corre, M.D., Twine T. E., and Veldkamp E., 2010. Geographic bias of field observations of soil carbon stocks with tropical land-use changes precludes spatial extrapolation, Pnas vol. 108 no. 15 : 6318–6322.

    1. Sadeghipour,A.,2012. Investigation carbon sequestration and its distribution in different land uses(Case study: Shahriar regien), PhD thesis of university of Tehran., 230p.

    25. Sainju, U.M., Jalal D.J., and Stevens, W.B., 2008. Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission and Carbon Content as Affected by Irrigation, Tillage,Cropping System, and Nitrogen Fertilizationl. Plant and environment intraction; 7, 3765–3814.

    26. Schlesinger, W.H., 1999. Soil organic matter a source of tmospheric CO2, Departement of Botany north Carolina. USA, 111-125.

    27. Schmitt, M., Bahn, M., Wohlfahrt, G., Tappeiner, U., and Cernusca, A., 2010. Land use affects the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components in mountain grasslands. Biogeosciences 7, 2297–2309.

    28. Sherrod, L.A., Peterson, G.A., Westfall, D.G., and Ahuja, A.R., 2003. Cropping intensity enhances soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a notill agroecosystem. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:1533–1543.

    29. Singh, K.P., Ghoshal, N., and Singh, S., 2013. Soil carbon dioxide flux, carbon sequestration and crop productivity in a tropical dryland agroecosystem: Influence of organic inputs of varying resource quality. Applied Soil Ecology, Volume 42, Issue 3, Pages 243–253.

    30. Suman, A., Singh, K.P., Singh, P., and Yadav R.L., 2009. Carbon input, loss and storage in sub-tropical Indian Inceptisol under multi-ratooning sugarcane. Soil & Tillage Research 104; 221–226.

    31. Tan, Z., lal, R., 2005. Carbon sequestration potential estimates with changes in land use and tillage practice in ohio,USA. Agric. Ecosys. and Environ. 12, 113–12.

    32. Warembourg, F.R., Paul, E.A., 1977. Seasonal transfers of assimilated 14C in grassland: plant production and turnover, translocation and respiration. In: Marshall, J.K. (Ed.), The Below-Ground Ecosystem: A Synthesis of ‘Plant-Associated Processes’, Series No. 26. Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

    33. Weber, R., 2005. Carbon management tool to help farmers and ranchers with soil carbon sequestration.120pp.

    34. William, E., 2003. Carbon dioxide fluxes in a semiarid environment with high carbonate soils. Agricultural and forest methodology 116: 91-102.

    35. Wohlfahrt, G., Anderson-Dunn, M., Bahn, M., Balzarolo, M., Berninger, F., Campbell, C., Carrara, A., Cescatti, A., Christensen, T., Dore, S., Eugster, W., Friborg, T., Furger, M., Gianelle, D., Gimeno, C., Hargreaves, K., Hari, P., Haslwanter, A., Johansson, T., Marcolla, B., Milford, C., Nagy, Z., Nemitz, E., Rogiers, N., Sanz, M.J., Siegwolf, R.T.W., Susiluoto, S., Sutton, M., Tuba, Z., Ugolini, F., Valentini, R., Zorer, R., and Cernusca, A., 2008. Biotic, abiotic, and management controls on the net ecosystem CO2 exchange of European mountain grassland ecosystems. Ecosystems 11, 1338–1351.

    36. You, F., Hu, D., Zhang, H., Guo, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., and Yuan, Y., 2011.Carbon emissions in the life cycle of urban building system in China—A case study of residential buildings. Ecological Complexity: Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 201–212.

    37. Zeeman, M.J., Hiller, R., Gilgen, A.K., Michna, P., Pluss, P., Buchmann, N., and Eugster, W., 2010. Management and climate impacts on net CO2 fluxes and carbon budgets of three grasslands along an elevational gradient in Switzerland. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 150, 519–530.

     

     

     

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 68، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
شهریور 1394
صفحه 191-200