نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مقایسة تطبیقی مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی ایران با کشورهای منتخب: تعیین و اولویت‌بندی معیارها با استفاده از روش دلفی و تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی فازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس محیط‌زیست، شرکت مهندسین مشاور دریاپژوه سازه‌پردازی، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناس مهندسی و مدیریت سواحل، شرکت مهندسین مشاور سازه‌پردازی ایران، تهران، ایران.
3 کارشناس طرح مدیریت یکپارچه مناطق ساحلی، اداره کل مهندسی سواحل و بنادر، سازمان بنادر و دریانوردی، تهران، ایران.
4 استاد گروه مهندسی ژئوتکنیک، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
10.22059/jne.2026.419569.2935
چکیده
مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی به‌دلیل پیچیدگی ساختارهای نهادی، تنوع ذی‌نفعان و فشارهای ناشی از توسعه، نیازمند رویکردی نظام‌مند برای ارزیابی و بهبود فرآیندهای مطالعه و اجرا است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی نقاط قوت و چالش‌های مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی در ایران و کشورهای منتخب، تعیین معیارهای مقایسة تطبیقی، اولویت‌بندی آنها و شناسایی مهم‌ترین چالش‌های طرح مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی ایران انجام شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، تلفیقی از رویکردهای کیفی و کمی است. در مرحلة نخست، منابع معتبر کشورهای منتخب بررسی و نقاط قوت و چالش‌های آنها استخراج شد. سپس با اجرای سه مرحلة روش دلفی و مشارکت متخصصان، هفت معیار مقایسة تطبیقی تعیین و اعتبارسنجی شد. در ادامه، اهمیت نسبی معیارها با استفاده از تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی فازی محاسبه و وضعیت ایران براساس نظر خبرگان ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد رویکرد اجرایی با وزن 0/252 بالاترین اهمیت را دارد و پس از آن رویکرد مطالعاتی و داده‌ها و اطلاعات قرار می‌گیرند. همچنین، فاصلة میان مطالعات و اجرا، محدودیت منابع مالی پایدار و ضعف هماهنگی نهادی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین چالش‌های طرح مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی ایران شناسایی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد ایران از پشتوانة مطالعاتی، نیروی انسانی متخصص و تجربة تدوین برنامه‌های ملی و استانی برخوردار است، اما بهره‌گیری مؤثر از این ظرفیت‌ها مستلزم تقویت سازوکارهای نهادی و اجرایی، تأمین منابع مالی پایدار، استقرار نظام پایش مستمر و مشارکت فعال دستگاه‌های اجرایی و ذی‌نفعان است. نتایج پژوهش می‌تواند مبنایی برای ارزیابی و بهبود برنامه‌های مدیریت یکپارچة مناطق ساحلی و انجام مطالعات مقایسه‌ای در سایر کشورها و مناطق ساحلی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparative assessment of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Iran and selected countries: identification and prioritization of evaluation criteria using the Delphi Method and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy process

نویسندگان English

Mona Azizi Jalilian 1
Saeed Lotfikhah 2
Hossein Tarhani 3
Ali Pak 4
1 Environmental Expert, Darya Pajouh Sazehpardazi, Consulting Engineers Company, Tehran, Iran.
2 Coastal Engineering and Management Specialist, Sazeh Pardazi Iran Consulting Engineers Co., Tehran, Iran.
3 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Specialist, Coastal and Port Engineering Department, Ports and Maritime Organization (PMO), Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) requires a systematic approach to evaluating and improving study and implementation processes due to institutional complexity, diverse stakeholders, and increasing development pressures. This study aimed to identify the strengths and challenges of ICZM in Iran and selected countries, establish comparative evaluation criteria, prioritize these criteria, and identify the major challenges facing Iran ICZM. The research is applied in purpose and adopts a mixed qualitative–quantitative methodology. In the first stage, authoritative sources on selected countries were reviewed to identify their strengths and challenges. Subsequently, through three rounds of the Delphi method with the participation of experts, seven comparative evaluation criteria were identified and validated. Their relative importance was then determined using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and Iran’s current status was evaluated based on expert judgments. The results indicated that the Implementation Approach received the highest priority with a weight of 0.252, followed by the Study Approach and Data and Information. In addition, the gap between studies and implementation, the lack of sustainable financial resources, and weak institutional coordination were identified as the major challenges facing ICZM in Iran. The findings further revealed that Iran benefits from a strong foundation of technical and scientific studies, qualified human resources, and valuable experience in preparing national and provincial ICZM plans. However, effective utilization of these capacities requires strengthening institutional and implementation mechanisms, securing sustainable financial resources, establishing a continuous monitoring system, and promoting the active participation of responsible organizations and stakeholders. The findings of this study can provide a basis for evaluating and improving ICZM plans and conducting comparative studies in other countries and coastal regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

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