نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی خطر فلزات سمی در سد باطلة یک کارخانة فرآوری سنگ آهن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران.
2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.
3 ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‌ﺯﻳﺴﺖ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪة ﺷﻴﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‌ﺯﻳﺴﺖ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ، گرگان، ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.409055.2878
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین در پسماند ذخیره‌شده در سد باطلة یک کارخانة فرآوری سنگ‌آهن در فلات مرکزی ایران و ارزیابی خطر اکولوژیک و سلامت ناشی از آنها بود. بدین‌منظور، نمونه‌های پسماند از عمق 20 سانتی‌متری سطح برداشت شده و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نمونه‌ها مطابق با دستورالعمل USEPA، آماده‌سازی و هضم شدند و غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیوم، کروم، مس، جیوه، نیکل، سرب و روی با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-MS مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. به‌منظور ارزیابی وضعیت آلودگی و ریسک، از شاخص‌های فاکتور آلودگی (CF)، درجة آلودگی (CD)، شاخص زمین‌انباشت (Igeo)، پتانسیل خطر (Eri)، شاخص خطر اکولوژیک (RI)، شاخص خطر غیرسرطان‌زایی (HI) و خطر سرطان‌زایی (CR) استفاده شد. میانگین غلظت کل (±انحراف معیار) عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیوم، کروم، مس، جیوه، نیکل، سرب و روی به‌ترتیب 34/14±3/14، 9/75±7/18، 30/17±6/81، 10۵±25/91، 0/005±0/002، 234/4±124/9، 91/38±12/4684/338±31/08میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که براساس حدود مجاز سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست و شاخص Igeo، اغلب عناصر در محدودة بدون خطر قرار دارند، اما کادمیوم از نظر آلودگی و خطر اکولوژیک وضعیت نامطلوب‌تری دارد. مقدار شاخص‌های CD و RI به‌ترتیب 44/1و 1042/58محاسبه شد که بیانگر سطح آلودگی و خطر اکولوژیک بسیار بالا، عمدتاً ناشی از کادمیوم، است. در مقابل، نتایج ارزیابی ریسک سلامت نشان داد که مقادیر HI و CR در محدودة قابل قبول قرار داشته و در شرایط فعلی تهدید قابل‌توجهی برای کارکنان ایجاد نمی‌کند. با توجه به محدودیت تعداد نمونه‌ها، نتایج این پژوهش به نقاط نمونه‌برداری‌شده محدود بوده و توسعة برنامه‌های پایش مستمر برای کنترل مخاطرات احتمالی توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Risk assessment of toxic metals in the tailings dam associated with an iron ore processing plant

نویسندگان English

Seyed Mohammad Nazeri Bafqi 1
Mehdi Elahi 1
Soheila Rezaitabar 2
Hajar Abyar 3
1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.
2 Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the tailings dam of an iron ore processing plant located in Central Iran and to evaluate their ecological and human health risks. A total of nine tailings samples were collected in autumn 2024 and combined into three composite samples for analysis. After acid digestion according to the USEPA protocol, concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined using ICP–MS. Several contamination and risk indices, including the Contamination Factor (CF), Contamination Degree (CD), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Ecological Risk Index (Eri), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR), were calculated. The mean concentrations (± SD) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were (34.14±3.14), (9.75±7.18), (30.17±6.81), (105±25.91), (0.005±0.002), (234.4±124.9), (38.91±12.46), and (84.38±31.08) mg kg⁻¹, respectively. According to the Iranian Department of Environment standards and the Igeo index, most metals were within acceptable limits; however, cadmium showed elevated contamination levels and represented the primary ecological concern. The calculated CD and RI values were 44.1 and 1042.58, respectively, indicating a very high ecological risk category mainly driven by Cd accumulation. In contrast, the health risk assessment revealed that both HI and CR values remained within acceptable ranges, suggesting no significant adverse health effects for workers under current exposure conditions. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of samples, the findings should be interpreted as representative only of the sampled locations. Continuous environmental monitoring and appropriate management measures are therefore recommended to minimize potential long-term ecological impacts.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

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