نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تأثیر نابرابری درآمد و عوامل نهادی بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست در کشورهای منتخب منطقة منا: با استفاده از چارچوب نظری کوزنتس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدة اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.406693.2865
چکیده
یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلاتی که امروزه بیشتر کشورهای در حال توسعه با آن روبه‌رو هستند آلودگی محیط‌زیست می‌باشد که علاوه بر معضلات محیط‌زیستی دارای تبعات منفی اقتصادی و اجتماعی نیز می­ باشد. در بیشتر مطالعات صورت گرفته به بررسی تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست پرداخته‌اند و مطالعات کمتری نقش عوامل زیرساختی مانند عوامل نهادی و نابرابری درآمد را بررسی کرده‌اند. بررسی آمارها نشان می‌دهد بیشتر کشورهای منطقة منا به‌عنوان کشورهای درحال توسعه دارای چارچوب نهادی ضعیف و نابرابری گستردة درآمدی هستند، بنابراین بررسی تأثیر این عوامل بر کیفیت محیط‌زیست می‌تواند نتایج مهمی در پی داشته باشد. پژوهش‌ حاضــر با هدف بررسی عوامل‌ مؤثر آلودگی محیط‌زیست در کشورهای حوزة منطقة منا انجام شده است‌. با استفاده از الگوی داده تابلویی و روش حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته برای دورة‌ زمانی 2010 تا 2020، نتایج تأییدکنندة فرضیة کوزنتس برای کشورهای منطقة منا می‌باشد. همچنین مشخص گردید ضریب جینی دارای تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر آلودگی است. بنابراین با فرض ثابت بودن سایر عوامل، افزایش نابرابری درآمد باعث افزایش آلودگی در کشورهای منطقة منا می‌شود. از طرفی، اثر بازخوردی ضریب جینی و درآمد سرانه منفی به­دست آمد. بدین‌معنی که نابرابری درآمد در صورتی باعث کاهش آلودگی می‌شود که به‌طور همزمان درآمد سرانه افزایش یابد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، عوامل نهادی به‌طور مستقیم آلودگی را کاهش می­دهد در حالی­که متغیرهای مصرف انرژی، میزان صنعتی شدن و باز بودن اقتصاد باعث افزایش آلودگی محیط‌زیست در کشورهای منطقة منا می ­شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The impact of income inequality and institutional factors on environmental pollution in selected countries of the MENA region: using a Kuznetsian theoretical framework

نویسندگان English

Hasan Tavakolian 1
Zakariya Farajzadeh 2
1 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده English

One of the most important issues confronting many developing nations today is environmental pollution, which not only leads to ecological challenges but also results in adverse economic and social consequences. While numerous studies have focused on the influence of economic factors on environmental pollution, there has been comparatively less research on the impact of infrastructural elements, including institutional factors and income inequality. An analysis of statistical data indicates that many countries within the MENA region, categorized as developing nations, exhibit weak institutional frameworks and pervasive income inequality. Consequently, investigating the effects of these variables on environmental quality could yield significant insights. Thus, the current study was conducted to explore the determinants of environmental pollution in MENA countries. Employing a panel data model and the generalized least squares method for the period of 2010 to 2022, the findings confirmed the Kuznets hypothesis for MENA nations. Furthermore, the Gini index demonstrates a positive and significant direct effect on pollution, indicating that, holding other factors constant, an increase in income inequality exacerbates pollution levels in the MENA region. Conversely, the interaction between the Gini index and per capita income was found to be negative, suggesting that income inequality can mitigate pollution when per capita income simultaneously rises. Additionally, the results indicate that institutional factors play a direct role in reducing pollution, while variables such as energy consumption, industrialization, and economic openness have contributed to increased environmental pollution in MENA countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

">Environment, ">Income inequality, ">Institutional factors, ">MENA region.
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دوره 79، شماره 2
تابستان 1405
صفحه 373-387