اثر اقتصاد سایه‌، فساد و حاکمیت قوانین بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست در کشورهای منتخب نفتی درحال ‌توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدة اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.375593.2661

چکیده

آلودگی محیط‌زیست یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلاتی است که امروزه بیشتر کشورهای در حال توسعه با آن روبه‌رو هستند که علاوه بر مشکلات محیط‌زیستی دارای تبعات منفی اقتصادی و اجتماعی نیز است. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد اقتصاد سایه و عوامل نهادی می‌توانند به‌‌عنوان عوامل تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت محیط‌ زیست در کشورهای درحال ‌توسعه باشند که مطالعات کمی در خصوص تأثیر این عوامل به‌‌صورت همزمان بر روی آلودگی محیط‌ زیست انجام گرفته است. اقتصاد سایه بخش گسترده‌ای از اقتصاد کشورهای درحال ‌توسعه را به‌‌‌خود اختصاص ‌می‌دهد که می‌تواند بر کیفیت محیط‌ زیست تأثیرگذار ‌باشد، همچنین عوامل نهادی می‌توانند از کانال مختلف مانند کنترل و اثرگذاری بر بخش سایه بر روی کیفیت محیط‌ زیست تأثیرگذار باشند. بنابراین پژوهش‌ حاضــر با هدف بررسی‌ عوامل‌ مؤثر آلودگی محیط‌ زیست در کشورهای درحال‌ توسعة نفتی انجام گرفته ‌است‌. با استفاده از الگوی دادة تابلویی و روش حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته برای دورة‌ زمانی 2020-2009 نتایج نشان داده است اقتصاد سایه و حاکمیت قوانین به‌طور مستقیم باعث افزایش آلودگی و اثر بازخوردی حاکمیت قوانین و اقتصاد سایه منجر به کاهش آلودگی شده است؛ بنابراین می‌توان انتظار داشت با کنترل بخش سایه، افزایش حاکمیت قوانین منجر به کاهش آلودگی شود. همچنین نتایج نشان داده است کنترل فساد به‌طور مستقیم آلودگی را کاهش داده‌ است و اثر بازخوردی حاکمیت قوانین و کنترل فساد منجر به کاهش آلودگی شده‌ است. بنابراین کنترل فساد و افزایش حاکمیت قوانین به‌صورت همزمان نقش مهمی در کاهش آلودگی در کشورهای نفتی دارد. همچنین نتایج تأییدکنندة فرضیة کوزنتس برای گروه کشورهای درحال‌ توسعة نفتی در ابتدای مسیر توسعه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of shadow economy, corruption and rule of law on environmental pollution in selected developing oil countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasan Tavakolian
  • Amir Hossein Montazer-Hojat
  • Yaghoub Andayesh

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Environmental pollution is one of the most important problems that most developing countries face today, which in addition to environmental problems has negative economic and social consequences. Studies show that the shadow economy and institutional factors can be influential factors on the quality of the environment in developing countries, and few studies have been conducted on the effect of these factors on environmental pollution at the same time. The shadow economy occupies a large part of the economy of developing countries, which can affect the quality of the environment, and institutional factors can affect the quality of the environment through different channels, such as controlling and influencing the shadow sector. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors of environmental pollution in oil developing countries. Using the panel data model and the generalized least squares method for the period of 2009-2020, the results have shown that the shadow economy and the rule of law directly increase pollution and the interaction effect of the rule of law and the shadow economy has led to a reduction in pollution; Therefore, it can be expected that by controlling the shadow sector, increasing the rule of law will lead to a reduction in pollution. Also, the results have shown that corruption control has directly reduced pollution and the interaction effect of rule of law and corruption control has led to a reduction in pollution. Therefore, controlling corruption and increasing the rule of law at the same time plays an important role in reducing pollution in oil countries. Also, the results confirm the hypothesis of Kuznets for the group of oil developing countries at the beginning of the development path.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environment
  • Institutional factors
  • Panel data
  • Shadow economy
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