نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

پیامدسنجی محیط‌ زیستی اقدامات مهندسی و بهره‌برداری بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.377262.2679

چکیده

عملیات بهره‌برداری و اقدامات مهندسی وابسته به آن از اثرات و پیامدهای محیط‌ زیستی برخوردار هستند، در حالی‌که اگر نکات و دستورالعمل‌های محیط‌زیستی در طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی‌های اولیه مد ­نظر قرار گیرد و پیش­بینی درستی از پیامدهای احتمالی این فعالیت ­ها وجود داشته باشد، میزان پیامدهای مخرب محیط‌ زیستی در مناطق تحت عملیات بهره­برداری کاهش می­یابد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات فعالیت بهره‌برداری و اقدامات مهندسی وابسته به آن بر بوم‌سازگان جنگلی و همین‌طور ارائة روش و دستورالعملی جامع و کارآمد برای پیامدسنجی محیط‌زیستی این فعالیت در کلیة بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی است. به این منظور ابتدا مجموعه­ای از معیار­ها و شاخص ­های محیط ­زیستی تأثیرپذیر از اقدامات مهندسی و بهره ­برداری جنگل انتخاب و با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله ­مراتبی (AHP) وزن­ دهی شد. سپس با استفاده از وزن ­های به‌دست‌آمده برای معیارها و شاخص ­ها، نسبت به ارزیابی اثرات محیط‌ زیستی با کمک روش ماتریس وزنی اقدام شد. نتایج حاصل از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی نشان داد که معیار فیزیک خاک (0/213) بالاترین وزن را در بین معیارهای پیامدسنجی محیط‌ زیستی داشته و معیار کیفیت توده (0/125) کمترین وزن و اهمیت را دارا است. در میان شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی شاخص تخلخل خاک بیشترین وزن (0/311) و بالاترین اولویت را دارا بوده و شاخص محیط‌ زیستی زیست‌تودة میکروبی (0/0153) کمترین اهمیت را دارا است. نتایج حاصل از ماتریس وزنی برای پیامدسنجی محیط‌ زیستی بخش نم‌خانة جنگل خیرود نشان‌دهندة تخریبی با شدت متوسط در این بخش جنگلی در اثر فعالیت بهره‌برداری و اقدامات مهندسی وابسته به آن بوده است. بیشترین تأثیر و امتیاز منفی محیط‌ زیستی در ماتریس وزنی مربوط به شاخص محیط‌ زیستی مواد مغذی خاک با ۲۲ درصد اثر در مجموع نهایی امتیاز ماتریس وزنی ارزیابی بوده و کمترین آن مربوط به شاخص فرسایش آبی با ۶ درصد تأثیر در ماتریس وزنی است که نشان‌دهندة تخریب گستردة مواد مغذی خاک در اثر بهره‌برداری در بخش نم­خانه است. با استفاده از نتایج ماتریس وزنی و فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی می ­توان نسبت به اولویت­ بندی شاخص ­ها و معیارهای محیط ­زیستی به‌منظور انجام اقدامات حفاظتی و مدیریتی به جهت کاهش آسیب و تخریب در عرصه­ های جنگلی اقدام نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental impact assessment of engineering measures and exploitation on forest ecosystems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirreza Esfandyar
  • Meghdad Jourgholami
  • Jahangir Feghhi

Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Exploitation operations and related engineering measures have environmental effects and consequences, While if the environmental tips and guidelines are considered in the initial design and planning and there is a correct prediction of the possible consequences of these activities, the amount of harmful environmental consequences in the areas under exploitation operations will decrease. The purpose of this research is the exploitation activities and related engineering in forest ecosystems, as well as providing comprehensive and efficient methods and guidelines for environmental monitoring in all forest ecosystems. For this purpose, a set of effective environmental criteria and indicators from engineering measures and forest exploitation were selected and weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Then, by using the obtained weights for the criteria and indicators, the evaluation of the environmental effects was carried out with the help of the weight matrix method. The results of the hierarchical analysis process showed that the soil physics criterion (0.213) has the highest weight among the environmental impact assessment criteria and the pile quality criterion (0.125) has the least weight and importance. Among the environmental indicators, the soil porosity index has the highest weight and the highest priority, and the microbial biomass environmental index has the least importance. The results of the weighted matrix for the environmental impact assessment of the Namkhaneh district of the Kheyrud forest showed that the destruction rate of this part of the forest due to the exploitation activity and engineering measures related to it is average. The highest environmental impact and negative score in the weighted matrix is ‌‌ related to the environmental index of soil nutrients with 22% of the effect in the final total score of the weighted matrix, and the lowest is related to the water erosion index with 6% of the effect in the weighted matrix, which indicates the widespread destruction of soil nutrients due to exploitation in Namkhaneh district. Using the results of the weighted matrix and hierarchical analysis, it is possible to prioritize the environmental indicators and criteria in order to carry out protective and management measures to reduce damage and destruction in forest areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental impact assessment
  • Forest exploitation
  • Kheyrud forest
  • Matrix
  • Hierarchical analysis
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 341-357