نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تعیین حد مجاز جیوه در آب تالاب شادگان براساس فاکتور تجمع زیستی در ماهیان مصرفی ساکنان محلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.375620.2662

چکیده

تالاب شادگان به‌عنوان بزرگترین تالاب بین‌المللی ایران بوده و نیازهای معیشتی جوامع بومی به آن وابسته است. بنابراین سلامت ماهیان تالاب به ­عنوان منبع اصلی غذای حاشیه­ نشینان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. جیوه به­ عنوان آلاینده­ای تجمع ­پذیر در زنجیره ­های غذایی آبی هدف مطالعه قرار گرفت. بر این اساس از 3 گونة ماهی بنی، کپور و تیلاپیا در فصل صید و از آب تالاب در دو فصل بهار و تابستان از 3 ایستگاه انتخابی نمونه‌برداری شدند. غلظت جیوه در بافت ماهی به کمک دستگاه آنالیز مستقیم جیوه (DMA 80) و در نمونه ­های آب با دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه ­گیری شدند. برای تعیین حد مجاز جیوه در آب تالاب، براساس دستورالعمل USEPA، فاکتور تجمع زیستی جیوه (BAF) در زنجیرة غذایی موجود در آب تالاب و معیار غلظت جیوه در بافت ماهی (TRC) براساس الگوی مصرف حاشیه­ نشینان تالاب محاسبه گردید. میانگین غلظت جیوة نمونه ­های آب در فصل تابستان µg/l 0/11 اندازه‌گیری شد. میانگین جیوه در ماهیان تالاب شادگان در محدودة µg/kg 18/24 وزن تر به‌دست آمد. میانگین BAF جیوهl/kg  41/69، TRC تالاب µg/kg 22 و حد مجاز جیوه در آب تالاب µg/l  0/53 به‌دست آمد. هر چند مقادیر جیوه در آب و ماهیان تالاب از حدود استاندارد USEPA کمتر بود؛ اما مصرف زیاد ماهی توسط مردم محلی و مقدار بالاتر میانگین جیوه در ماهیان تالاب در مقایسه با TRC محاسبه شده، احتمال خطر جیوه بر سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان محلی را نشان می­دهد. همچنین پایش مداوم آلودگی جیوه در این تالاب را الزامی می­ نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the permissible limit of mercury in the water of Shadegan wetland based on the bioaccumulation factor in fish consumed by the local community

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahedeh Rahmanikhah 1
  • Narjes Okati 2

1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran.

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Shadgan wetland is the largest international wetland in Iran and the livelihood needs of local communities depend on it. Therefore, the health of wetland fish is of great importance as the main source of food for marginal residents. Mercury as an accumulating pollutant was studied in aquatic food chains. Based on this, 3 fish species were sampled including binni, carp, and tilapia in the fishing season and the water of wetland was sampled in spring and summer from three selected stations. Mercury concentration in fish tissue was measured using direct mercury analyzer (DMA 80) device and in water samples with atomic absorption device. To determine the permissible limit of mercury in wetland water, based on USEPA guidelines, the mercury bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in the food chain in wetland water and mercury concentration criterion in fish tissue (TRC) were calculated based on the consumption pattern of wetland residents. The average mercury concentration of water samples was 0.11 µg/l in the summer season. The mean concentration of mercury in Shadegan wetland fish was 22.18 µg/kg wet weight. The average BAF of mercury was 41.69 l/kg. The mean of TRC of the wetland was 22 µg/kg, and the permissible limit of mercury in the wetland water was 0.53 µg/l. Although the amount of mercury in the water and fish of the wetland was lower than the USEPA standard limits; but the high consumption of fish by local people and the higher average amount of mercury in wetland fish compared to the calculated TRC indicate the possibility of mercury risk to the health of local consumers. It is also necessary to monitor mercury pollution in this wetland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • BAF
  • Mercury
  • RSC
  • Shadegan wetland
  • Standard limit
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی
مرداد 1403
صفحه 127-136