نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی تصادفات جاده‌ای بر تلفات گونه‌های حیات وحش در استان‌های مختلف کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.376359.2667

چکیده

توسعة شبکه جاده‌ای اثرات مخربی بر زیستگاه‌ها و گونه‌های حیات وحش دارد و ‏به‌طور کلی باعث از دست رفتن و از هم‌گسیختگی زیستگاه‌ها، جدا افتادگی جمعیت‌ها، کاهش ارتباط و جریان ژن در بین ‏جانوران می‌شود. براین اساس، مطالعة حاضر با هدف بررسی آمار تصادفات جاده‌ای ‏حیات وحش با وسایل نقلیه در استان‌های مختلف کشور و همچنین تحلیل رابطة بین میزان تلفات گونه‌های جانوری و ‏تصادفات به‌وقوع پیوسته انجام شد.‏ به این منظور، ابتدا به بررسی آمار تلفات جاده‌ای حیات وحش در بین استان‌های مختلف و بیشترین تعداد تلفات گونه‌های حیات وحش طی سال‌های 1401-1385 پرداخته شد. در ادامه به تحلیل ارتباط بین میزان تصادفات و تعداد تلفات جاده‌ای حیات وحش در کشور با استفاده از ‏آزمون‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون کولموگروف-اسمیرنوف، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و آزمون کروسکال-والیس) ‏اقدام گردید. مطابق نتایج، بیشترین آمار تلفات ‏مربوط به استان گلستان و کمترین تعداد به استان زنجان اختصاص یافته است. همچنین بیشترین تعداد تلفات گونه‌های حیات وحش طی سال‌های مورد مطالعه، مربوط به سال 1387 ‏و کمترین ‏تعداد مربوط به سال 1397 است. بیشترین تعداد تلفات جاده‌ای رخ داده مربوط به ‏گوشتخواران متوسط جثه و کمترین تعداد در گوشتخواران بزرگ جثه ثبت شده است. علاوه ‌بر این، تحلیل ارتباط بین میزان تصادفات و تعداد تلفات جاده‌ای حیات وحش در کشور، حاکی از وجود ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان ‏تصادفات جاده‌ای به‌وقوع پیوسته در استان‌های مختلف و ‏تعداد تلفات گونه‌های حیات ‏وحش در سال‌های 1385 تا 1401 می‌باشد. بدین‌معنی که با افزایش میزان تصادفات ‏جاده‌ای در بین استان‌های مختلف، میزان ‏تلفات گونه‌های حیات ‏وحش در طی این سال‌ها افزایش یافته است. بنابراین، بکارگیری روش‌های استاندارد برای ‏ایمن‌سازی جاده‌ها جهت عبور ‏حیات وحش و سایر اقدامات حفاظتی هماهنگ با برنامه‌های توسعة شهری و روستایی، امری ضروری است و باید ‏مورد توجه ‏تصمیم‌گیران و در اولویت برنامه‌ریزی مسئولان قرار گیرد‎.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of road accidents on the loss of wildlife species in the different provinces of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farid Shahidinejad
  • Afshin Danehkar
  • Afshin Alizadeh Shabani
  • Parvaneh Sobhani

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The development of road networks has detrimental effects on habitats and wildlife species, generally ‎resulting in habitat loss, fragmentation, population isolation, reduced connectivity, and gene flow ‎among species populations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the statistics of wildlife road accidents with vehicles in different provinces of the country, as well as analyze the relationship between the number of casualties of animal species and accidents. For this purpose, firstly, the statistics of wildlife road casualties among different provinces and the highest number of wildlife species casualties were investigated from 2006-2022. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the number of accidents and the number of wildlife road casualties in the country using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Kolmograph-Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis test). According to the results, the highest number of casualties is related to Golestan province, and the lowest number is assigned to Zanjan province. Also, the highest number of wildlife species casualties during the studied years is related to 2008 and the lowest number is related to 2018, where the highest number of road casualties occurred in medium-sized carnivores and the lowest number in large-sized carnivores. In addition, the analysis of the relationship between the number of accidents and the number of wildlife road casualties in the country indicates the existence of a significant relationship between the number of road accidents and the loss of wildlife species. This means that with the increase in the number of road accidents among different provinces, the loss of wildlife species also increases. Therefore, the use of standard methods to secure roads for the passage of wildlife and other protective measures coordinated with urban and rural development programs is essential and should be given the attention of decision-makers and the priority of planning officials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Habitat fragmentation
  • Road accidents
  • Road network development
  • Wildlife casualties
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی
مرداد 1403
صفحه 199-211