نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی تعامل روستاییان استان قزوین با گوشتخواران بزرگ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم حفاظت و زیست‌بوم، دانشگاه مونتانا، میزولا، ایالات متحده.

2 دانشکدة علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد لاهیجان، لاهیجان، ایران.

4 گروه علوم زیستی، دانشگاه کیپ‌تاون، کیپ‌تاون، آفریقای جنوبی.

5 انجمن یوزپلنگ ایرانی، تهران، ایران.

6 ادارۀ حفاظت و مدیریت زیستگاه‌ها و امور مناطق، ادارۀ کل حفاظت محیط‌زیست استان قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.372814.2651

چکیده

گرگ (Canis lupus)، پلنگ (Panthera pardus) و خرس قهوه‌ای (Ursus arctos) در بسیاری از زیستگاه‌های رشته‌کوه البرز با انسان هم‌بومند. درک بهتر تعامل ساکنان با این گونه‌ها به یافتن راهکارهایی کمک می‌کند که افزون ‌بر تأمین منافع مردم، به بقای حیات وحش منتهی شود. دو ابزار نمونه‌برداری مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته و پرسشنامۀ اکتشافی برای بررسی آگاهی و تجربۀ دو گروه از جامعۀ روستاییان استان قزوین استفاده شد که در زمینه‌های تقابل با گوشتخواران بزرگ و مسئولیت‌های اجتماعی متفاوت بودند (مجموع 198 نفر از 153 روستا). آگاهی پاسخ‌دهندگان دربارۀ گرگ و پلنگ و خرس و دیدگاه آنان دربارۀ وضعیت و روند جمعیت این گوشتخواران، ناهمگون بود. بیشتر (80%، 66 نفر) پاسخ‌دهندگان دامدار و کشاورز در دو منطقۀ تحت حفاظت سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست، گرگ را بزرگ‌ترین تهدید معیشت خود می‌دانستند. در مقابل، نارضایتی بیشتر نمایندگان روستایی (%74، 86 نفر)، شامل دهیاران و بخشیاران و اعضای شورای روستایی خارج از مناطق تحت حفاظت، از سگ‌های ولگرد (C. familiaris) بود. احتمال ابراز نارضایتی جامعۀ دامدار و کشاورز ساکن مناطق تحت حفاظت از هر سه گوشتخوار بزرگ بیش از نمایندگان روستایی خارج از این مناطق برآورد شد. بالاترین احتمال ابراز نارضایتی از گوشتخواران بزرگ برای گرگ (میانه 0/94 و فاصلۀ باور بیزی 0/83 تا 0/99) و سپس پلنگ (0/11، 0/01 تا 0/26) توسط جامعۀ پاسخ‌دهندگان دامدار و کشاورز در مناطق تحت حفاظت‌ برآورد شد. استفادۀ همزمان از چند ابزار نمونه‌برداری و هدف‌گیری لایه‌های مختلف یک جامعه در پژوهش‌های اجتماعی محیط‌زیست می‌تواند تصویر جامع‌تری از تعامل مردم با حیات وحش فراهم کند. در حفاظت از گوشتخواران بزرگ ایران باید به راهکارهای مشارکتی و درگیرساختن مردم ساکن زیستگاه گوشتخواران در فرآیندهای تصمیم‌گیری توجه بیشتری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining human-carnivore interactions in Qazvin Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Moqanaki 1
  • Pouyan Behnoud 2
  • Peyman Moghaddas 3
  • Ali Shams 4
  • Atie Taktehrani 5
  • Navid Gholikhani 5
  • Sadegh Khosravi 6

1 Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, US.

2 Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran.

3 Islamic Azad University Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran.

4 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

5 Iranian Cheetah Society, Tehran, Iran.

6 Qazvin Department of the Environment, Qazvin, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Wolf (Canis lupus), Persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) co-occur in a human-dominated landscape across the Alborz Mountains in Iran. Understanding how people perceive risks associated with negative interactions with these large carnivores can contribute to promoting greater coexistence, which not only human interests are met but also species’ persistence is ensured. We used semi-structured interviews and exploratory questionnaire surveys to assess local knowledge, perceptions, and experience of two groups of village residents in Qazvin Province in north-central Iran (198 respondents from 153 villages). The sampling method and target group had an impact on the results. Most (80%, n= 66) local informants consisting of livestock herders and farmers living inside two protected areas considered the wolf to be the main threat to their livelihood. However, 74% (n= 86) of village council members from all over the Qazvin Province considered free-ranging domestic dogs (C. familiaris) as the main concern in their villages. Respondents’ experience and perceptions of risks associated with the three large carnivore species varied considerably among species and between protected and unprotected areas. We revealed significant differences in large carnivore damage claims between the two groups of respondents. The highest probability of damage claims was estimated for respondents living inside protected areas, which was attributed to wolves (median and 95% Bayesian credible interval = 0.94, 0.83 - 0.99) and, to a lesser extent, leopards (0.11, 0.01 - 0.26). In conservation social research, combining multiple sampling methods to engage with different target groups within a community can help build the scientific knowledge required to improve conservation outcomes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conflict
  • Human-wildlife interactions
  • Key informants
  • Large carnivores
  • Sampling method
  • Wildlife damage
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی
مرداد 1403
صفحه 137-152