نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی تنوع زیست‌فرهنگی ذخیره‌گاه زیست‌کرة هامون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ارزیابی و طراحی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة شیلات و محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.364433.2593

چکیده

مطالعات تنوع زیست‌فرهنگی برای درک روابط متقابل بین جامعة انسانی و محیط زیست طبیعی در سیستم‌های پیچیده اجتماعی-بوم‌شناختی مناطق طبیعی به‌خصوص ذخیره­گاه ­های زیست‌کره حائز اهمیت می‌باشند. در این مطالعه، شاخص تنوع زیست­ فرهنگی ذخیره­ گاه زیست‌کرة هامون بین سال ­های 1399 تا 1400 با استفاده از ده شاخص فرهنگی گویش، مذهب، آداب و رسوم، پوشش، صنایع دستی، معماری سنتی، غذا، معیشت، باورها و اعتقادات، بازی و سرگرمی و سه شاخص زیستی پرندگان، پستانداران و گیاهان اندازه گیری شد. شاخص‌های تنوع فرهنگی با کمک 30 پرسشنامه و توزیع آن به‌صورت تصادفی  بین مردم 9 روستای نزدیک مناطق تالابی ذخیره‌گاه و تحلیل آن‌ها با کمک شاخص شانون-وینر محاسبه شد. شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی نیز با تعیین نسبت تعداد گونه‌های گیاهی و جانوری به تعداد کل گونه‌ها و سپس میانگین آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. با کمک میانگین تنوع زیستی و فرهنگی، شاخص تنوع زیست‌فرهنگی ذخیره‌گاه محاسبه شد. با تهیة نقشه‌های سیمای تنوع زیستی و سیمای­ تنوع فرهنگی و هم­پوشانی سادة آن‌ها، نقشة سیمای­ تنوع زیست­ فرهنگی نیز تهیه شد. شاخص تنوع زیست‌فرهنگی (1/126) نشان‌دهندة وضعیت نامناسب تنوع زیست­فرهنگی ذخیره‌گاه بوده است. همبستگی شاخص‌های تنوع فرهنگی و تنوع زیستی نشان داد که شاخص ­های تنوع باورها و اعتقادات و تنوع آداب و رسوم و تنوع معماری سنتی با دیگر شاخص­ های تنوع فرهنگی و زیستی همبستگی معنی­ داری نداشتند (0.05<P). شاخص های تنوع معیشت، تنوع غذا و تنوع صنایع دستی با تنوع گیاهی و جانوری همبستگی مثبت و معنی­ دار داشته‌اند (0.05>P). به‌طور کلی ارزیابی سیمای تنوع زیست‌فرهنگی ذخیره­گاه زیست‌کرة هامون، نشان داد که در مناطق تالابی ذخیره‌گاه با تنوع زیستی بهتر، تنوع فرهنگی نیز مطلوب بوده که تأثیرپذیری تنوع فرهنگی و زیستی از یکدیگر را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج مطالعه به کارشناسان و مدیران مناطق حفاظت‌شده کمک می‌کند که برای مدیریت محیط‌زیست، نباید صرفاً رویکرد حفاظت از تنوع زیستی را در پیش گرفت و بهتر است مدیریت مطلوب و پایدار با تمرکز بر نگرش مدیریت تنوع زیست ­فرهنگی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the biocultural diversity of Hamoon biosphere reserve

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Tirafkan 1
  • Alireza Mikaeili Tabrizi 1
  • Seyed Mehdi Amininasab 2

1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Studies on the biocultural diversity are important in complicated social-ecological systems of natural areas and especially in the biosphere reserves to understand the relationships between human society and natural environment. In this study, the Index of BioCultural Diversity (IBCD) was measured using ten cultural indicators of dialect, religion, customs, clothing, handicrafts, traditional architecture, food, livelihood, and beliefs, play and entertainment and three biodiversity indicators of birds, mammals, and plants in Hamoon biosphere reserve between 2020 and 2021. Indices of cultural diversity were calculated using Shannon-wiener based on the 30 questioners and their random distribution between people in nine villages next to the wetland areas of biosphere reserve.  Biodiversity indices were measured based on the determination of proportion of plants and animal species number to total species number and then calculation the average between them. With using average of biodiversity and cultural diversity, an index of biocultural diversity was calculated. With preparing maps of biodiversity scape, cultural diversity scape and their overlapping, bio-cultural landscape was provided. The rate of biocultural diversity (1.126) indicates the poor state of biosphere reserve. The correlation between cultural diversity and biodiversity shows that the indicators of diversity of beliefs and diversity of customs and diversity of traditional architecture did not have a significant correlation with any of the indicators of cultural diversity and biodiversity (P>0.05). In return, there was a significant positive correlation between the livelihood, food and handicrafts diversity with plants and animals’ diversity (P<0.05). In general, the assessment of the bio-cultural diversity of the Hamoon biosphere reserve showed that in the areas where the biodiversity had better conditions, the cultural diversity was parallel to it, which shows that the cultural and biological diversity are affected by each other. The results of the study are important for the managers of the protected areas and indicate that for environmental management, the approach should not be only the approach of biodiversity protection, but the management of these areas should be focused in a correct and sustainable manner with the attitude of biocultural diversity management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biosphere reserve
  • Biocultural diversity index
  • Pearson correlation
  • Shannon-Wiener diversity index
  • Landscape assessment
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، ویژه نامه مناطق تحت حفاظت
بهمن 1402
صفحه 213-230