نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی شاخص‌های کیفی و پیشنهاد اقدامات حفاظتی لازم برای رودخانة حفاظت‌شدة هراز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 پژوهشگر. دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 شرکت آب منطقه‌ای استان تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.361220.2570

چکیده

این مطالعه جهت بررسی وضعیت سلامت اکوسیستم رودخانة هراز به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین رودخانه‌های حفاظت شدة کشور از طریق ارزیابی شاخص‌‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، کیفیت، سمیت و خودپالایی انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در سال‌های 1399 و 1400، از 14 ایستگاه در طول رودخانه صورت گرفت. نمونه‌برداری و شناسایی درشت‌کفزیان و محاسبة ارزش زیستی انجام شد. وضعیت کیفی، تعیین مقدار سمیت، اندازه‌گیری PAHs تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها انجام شد. براساس نتایج، شاخص کیفیت عمومی آب به‌سمت پایین‌دست غیر از سرشاخه‌ها رو به کاهش بود. شاخص سمیت دارای نوسان و در کل از بالادست به پایین‌دست نزولی بود. شاخص زیستی کفزیان بیشترین مقدار را در ایستگاه‌های پایین‌دست و با عدد حداکثر 4 را داشت. از نظر ساپروبی، بخش‌های مختلف رودخانه در طبقات الیگوساپروب، بتامزوساپروب، آلفامزوساپروب و پلی‌ساپروب قرار داشت. ایستگاه‌های بالادست نسبت به پایین‌دست و فصل سرد نسبت به فصل گرم وضع مطلوب‌تری داشت. نقشه‌های تقسیم‌بندی حوضة آبریز هراز براساس روش مونیخی، شاخص IRWQIsc و تلفیق نقشة خودپالایی، BOD و کاربری اراضی منطقه تهیه شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌ها، نقش مهم فعالیت‌های انسانی به‌خصوص کاربری‌های روستایی و باغی و در مرحلة بعد جاده‌ها در کیفیت آب رودخانه را نشان داد. از بالادست به‌سمت پایین‌دست، تعداد منابع آلاینده بیشتر شده و نقش خود را نشان داده‌اند. افزایش تراکم مناطق روستایی، باغی، مزارع پرورش ماهی، سبب افزایش BOD و شاخص کفزیان شده است. بنابراین لازم است تصفیة فاضلاب‌ها، تدوین استانداردهای نظام کشاورزی و نظارت بر استفاده از آب‌های زیرزمینی به‌همراه برخورد با متخلفان جهت حفاظت از رودخانه پیگیری و انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studies of qualitative indices and the proposal of necessary protection measures for protected Haraz River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parva Mazandarani 1
  • Kamran Rezaei Tavabe 1
  • Bahareh Samadi Kuchaksaraei 2
  • Hadi Poorbagher 1
  • Mohsen Eslamizadeh 3

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Researcher, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

3 Regional Water Company of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the health status of the Haraz River ecosystem as one of the most important protected rivers in Iran. Sampling was done in 2020 and 2021 from 14 stations along the river. Identification of macrobenthos and calculation of Z index was performed along with Quality status, determination of toxicity, measurement of PAHs and statistical analysis of data. Based on the results, IRWQIsc was decreasing towards the downstream, except for the branches. IRWQIst fluctuated and generally decreased from upstream to downstream. The Z index had the highest value (4) in the downstream stations. In terms of self-purification, the river was in oligosaprobe, betamzosaprobe, alphamzosaprobe and polysaprobe classes. Upstream was more favorable than downstream and the cold season was more suitable than the warm season. Maps were prepared based on saprobe, integration of self-purification, BOD and land use of the region. The results of the analysis showed the important role of human activities, especially rural and garden uses, and in the next stage, roads, in the quality of river water. From upstream to downstream, the number of polluting sources has increased and they have shown their role. The increase in the density of rural areas, gardens, and fish farms has caused an increase in BOD and Z index. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up and carry out the treatment of sewage, development of agricultural system standards and supervision of the use of underground water along with dealing with the violators in order to protect the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Haraz River
  • Toxicity index
  • Water quality index
  • Z index
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، ویژه نامه مناطق تحت حفاظت
بهمن 1402
صفحه 97-110