آنالیز گپ: ابزاری حفاظتی برای مدیریت سیستم پارک‌های ملی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة شیلات و علوم محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

5 کارشناس مناطق حفاظت‌شده و زیستگاه‌ها، ادارة کل حفاظت محیط‌زیست مازندران، ساری، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.364256.2591

چکیده

مناطق تحت حفاظت، بخش‌های از سرزمین هستند که به‌منظور حفاظت در محل و مؤثر تنوع زیستی و سایر ویژگی‌های ارزشمند اکوسیستم‌ها انتخاب و مدیریت می‌شوند. با وجود شبکة کارآمدی از این مناطق در مکانی که معرف تمام اکوسیستم‌ها باشد، اهداف مدیریت منابع بوم‌شناختی به‌خوبی تأمین می‌شود. آنالیز گپ روشی برای شناسایی میزان معرفی شدن تنوع زیستی در مناطق حفاظتی است، با این هدف که اطلاعات مورد نیاز مدیران و سیاستگذاران سرزمین برای تصمیم‌گیری مناسب را فراهم نماید. در مطالعة حاضر، میزان معرف بودن سیستم پارک‌های ملی که بخشی از شبکة مناطق تحت حفاظت کشور هستند در اکوسیستم‌های کلان خشکی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین‌منظور معیارها و شاخص‌های مناسب برای انتخاب پارک ملی شناسایی و نقشه‌سازی شدند. سپس، الگوریتم تصمیم‌گیری برای ارزیابی این مناطق تهیه شد. براساس این الگوریتم، پس از تلفیق لایة‌ شاخص‌های مناسب با لایة اکوسیستم‌ها و پارک‌های موجود، میزان پوشش‌دهی پارک‌های ملی در هر یک از لکه‌های اکوسیستمی ارزیابی و کدگذاری شد. پس از اجرای الگوریتم‌، میزان پوشش‌دهی در اکوسیستم‌ها محاسبه گردید و سه سناریو تعریف شد و میزان تحقق آن‌ها و کمبودها در هر اکوسیستم بررسی و محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنها در دو اکوسیستم کوهستان‌های بدون پوشش سرد و خشک و بوته‌زار و شوررست‌های خشک سه سناریو تحقق یافته‌اند و در سایر اکوسیستم‌ها میزان معرف بودن کافی نیست. بر این اساس، سطح مورد نیاز برای تکمیل سیستم پارک‌های ملی در اکوسیستم‌های خشکی، به میزان تقریبی دو میلیون هکتار به‌دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند راهنمایی برای برنامه‌ریزان حفاظت سرزمین باشد تا براساس آن سیستم پارک‌های ملی را مورد بازبینی قرار دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Gap Analysis: a conservation tool for system of national parks management in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Azizi Jalilian 1
  • Afshin Danehkar 2
  • Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny 3
  • Kamran Shayesteh 4
  • Ali Bali 5

1 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.

2 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

4 Department of Environmental Sciences Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.

5 Expert of Protected Areas and Habitats, Department of Environment of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran..

چکیده [English]

Protected areas are parts of the land that are selected and managed for effective in situ biodiversity conservation, among other important ecosystems features. With an efficient network of protected areas located in the right places to represent all ecosystems, ecological resource management can better be achieved. Gap analysis provides a tool for assessing the degree to which biodiversity is represented in conservation areas that help land managers and policy makers when they need to make appropriate decisions. In this study, the representativeness of the national parks system as part of Iran’s protected areas network, for terrestrial ecosystems was investigated. For this purpose, suitable criteria and indicators for national parks selection were identified and mapped. We developed a decision-making algorithm for assessing the representativeness of the national parks based on the set goals mentioned above. Using the algorithm, the indicators layer was overlaid with the ecosystems layer and national parks and the national parks coverage of ecosystem patches was evaluated and coded. Having calculated the coverage of the ecosystems, three scenarios were defined and their realization was assessed in each ecosystem, hence showing the lack of ecosystems’ protection. The results showed that the three scenarios have only been realized in two ecosystems of Cold & Arid Bare Mountains and Arid Scrubland & Halophytes, and in other ecosystems, the level of representativeness is not sufficient. Based on this, the area required to complete the system of national parks in terrestrial ecosystems was calculated as around 2000000 hectares. The results of this study can be a guide for land protection planners to revise the system of terrestrial national parks in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • Decision-making Algorithm
  • Land conservation
  • Protected areas
  • Terrestrial Ecosystems at the National Level
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