نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی رابطة شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای درختی با عوامل توپوگرافیک در جنگل‌های هیرکانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسة تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.363163.2585

چکیده

تجزیه و تحلیل تنوع زیستی در جنگل­ های شمال کشور با توجه به اهمیت فراوان به‌عنوان مهم­ترین اکوسیستم ­های جنگلی کشور، بسیار ضروری است. در این پژوهش، بدین‌منظور دو حوزة جنگلی 10 چفرود و 7 ناو اسالم استان گیلان برای بررسی شاخص‌های تنوع گونه ­ای درختی انتخاب شدند. از شاخص ­های مارگالف و منهینک، سیمپسون، شانون-وینر و پیلو، هیپ استفاده شد. تعداد 31 و 30 قطعه‌نمونة 0/1 هکتاری دایره­ای شکلدر یک شبکة آماربرداری 200*150 متر به‌ترتیب در حوزه‌های 10 چفرود و 7 ناو اسالم و به‌صورت ثابت و دائمی پیاده و اندازه ­گیری و شاخص‌های ذکر شده در هر یک از قطعات نمونه برآورد شد. به‌منظور مقایسة دو منطقه، از نظر شاخص­ های تنوع زیستی، از آزمون t مستقل استفاده گردید. سپس، عوامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب و جهت دامنه در دو منطقه تعیین و اثری که بر شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی می‌گذارند توسط ضرائب همبستگی و آزمون t بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد شاخص‌های تنوع سیمپسون، شانون-وینر شاخص‌های یکنواختی پیلو و هیپ در سطح احتمال 95 درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌داری هستند. عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا با تمامی شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی همبستگی معنی‌دار منفی داشته است. شیب و جهت جغرافیایی تنها با برخی شاخص‌ها دارای همبستگی معنی‌دار بوده‌اند. گونة راش در هر دو منطقه گونة غالب بود به‌طوری که درصد فراوانی گونة راش نسبت به کل گونه­ها در حوزة 7 ناو اسالم 83 درصد و این نسبت در حوزه ده چفرود 37 درصد کل گونه‌ها بود. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد، شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی این دو منطقه اختلاف معنی‌داری داشته و همچنین عوامل توپوگرافیک به‌ویژه ارتفاع از سطح دریا تأثیر شدیدی بر این شاخص‌ها داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the relationship between, Tree diversity indexes and topographical factors in Hyrcanian forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Bayat
  • Majid Hassani

Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Biodiversity analysis in northern forests of Iran is very important due to its importance as one of the most valuable forest ecosystems in the country. In this study, the indexes of Margaleph and Menhink, Simson, Shannon Wiener and Pilo, Hip in two forest areas of 10 Chafrood and 7 Nav Asalem of Gilan province were used. 31 and 30 0.1 hectare plots in a 150 * 200 m survey network in 10 Chafroud and 7 nav forests, respectively, were permanently taken and measured and the indices mentioned in each sample plots were estimated. One-way ANOVA and Duncan analyzes were used to compare the two regions in terms of biodiversity indices. Then, altitude, slope and slope direction factors were determined in two regions and their effects on biodiversity indices were evaluated by correlation coefficients and analysis of variance. The results showed that the diversity indices of Simpson, Shannon Wiener, Pilo and Hip homogeneity indices were significantly different at 95% probability level. Margaluff and Mannhink richness did not show significant differences between the two regions and the 10 Chafrood region, was higher than all 7 Nav region, in all indices. The altitude factor had a significant negative correlation with almost all biodiversity indices. Slope and geographic direction were only significantly correlated with some indices. The beech species was the dominant species in both regions, so that the percentage of abundance of the beech species compared to the total species was 83 percent in the area of 7 Nava Asalem, and this ratio was 37 percent of the total species in the area of Chafrood.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asalem
  • Beech
  • Biodiversity Index
  • Broad leaf forests
  • Oak
Abedi, R., Abedi, T., 2017. Evaluation of Nearest Neighbor Distance Method for Biodiversity Estimation in Arasbaran Forest Ecosystem. Ecology of Iranian Forests 5(10), 61-69. (In Persian)
 Ahmad Abadi, A., Fathnia, A., 2017. Estimating climate change based on climate factors using satellite images. Sepehr Geographical Information Journal 26(102): 137-127. (In Persian)
Bakhshandeh Nawrood, B., Abrari Vajjari, K., Pilehvar, B., Kuch, Y., 2018. Evaluation of Diversity Indices and Some Characteristics of Beech Trees in Different Tree Lichens (Case Study: Asalem-Gilan Beech Forest). Journal of Plant Ecological Conservation 6 (12), 109-122. (In Persian)
Bayat, M., Burkhart, H., Namiranian, M., Hamidi, S.K., Heidari, S., Hassani, M., 2021. Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Effects on Biodiversity Index Using Machine Learning. Forests 2021, 12, 461
 Bayat, M., Heidari Masteali, S., 2020. Evaluation and Comparison of Biodiversity Indexes of Tree Species in Hyrcanian Forests (Case Study: Kheyroud, Ramsar and Neka Forests). Journal of Plant Research 44 (4), 311-324. (In Persian)
Bayat, M., Heidari, S., Bourqu, Ch., 2019. Application of Symbolic regression and Geographic Information System in Kheyroud watershed to provide spatial models that affect the surface of the landscape. Environmental Science 44(3), 411-424. (In Persian)
Bourque, C.P.A., Bayat. M., 2015. Landscape variation in tree species richness in northern Iran forests. PLoS One 10(4), 1-18
Fallachai, M.P., Marvi Mohajer, M., 2005. Ecological role of sea level elevation in tree species diversity in northern Sangak forests. Iran. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 1, 89-10058 (In Persian).
Fu, B.J., Liu, S.L., Ma, K.M., Zhu, Y.G., 2004. Relationships between soil characteristics, topography and plant diversity in a heterogeneous deciduous broad-leaved forest near Beijing, China. Plant and Soil 261(1-2), 47-54.
Krebs. C.J., 1999. Ecological Methodology, University of British Columbia. Jim Green publisher, 620 p.
Hamidi, S.K., de Luis, M., Bourque, C.PA., Bayat, M., Serrano- Notivoli., 2023. Projected biodiversity in the Hyrcanian Mountain Forest of Iran: an investigation based on two climate scenarios. Biodiversity and Conservation 32, 3791-3808
Han, H., Jang, K., Song, J., Seol, A., Chung, W., Chung, J., 2011. The effects of site factors on herb species diversity in Kwangneung forest stands. Forest Science and Technology 7(1), 1-7.
Hashemi, A., 2010. Evaluating plant species diversity and physiographical factors in natural broad leaf forest. Journal of Environmental Sciences 6(1), 20- 25.
Hossein Heidari, R., Sohrabizadeh, A., Heidari, M., 2019. Effect of Physiographic Factors on Plant Biodiversity in the Central Zagros Forests (Case Study: Educational Forest of Razi University of Kermanshah). Ecology of Iranian Forests 7(13), 66-75. (In Persian)
Jiang, Y., Kang, M., Zhu, Y., Xu, G., 2007. Plant biodiversity patterns on Helan Mountain, China. Acta Oecologica 32(2), 125-133.
Keyvan Behjoo, F., Majnounian, B., Namiranian, M., Saeed, A., Feghhi, J., 2010. Determination of Volume and Value Loss in Logging Operations (Case study: Chafroud Forests of Gilan). Forest and Wood Products 63(3), 293-304. (In Persian)
Mahmoodi, M., Jalilvand, H., Hojati, M., Kuch, Y., 2019. Plant biodiversity affected by the Katna slope position in Asalem-Gilan. Ecology of Iranian Forests 7(13), 36-45. (In Persian)
Marvie-Mohadjer, M.R., 2012. Silviculture. University of Tehran Press.400 p. (In Persian)
Ming, C., Chen, W. L., Tina, Z. Q., Xie, Z. Q., 2005. Altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity in Shennongjia Mountains, central China. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (formerly Acta Botanica Sinica) 47, 1431- 1449.
 Muller, C., Berger, G., Glemnitz, M., 2003. Quantifying geomorphological heterogeneity to assess species diversity of set-aside arable land, Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 104(3), 587-594
Pommerening, A., 2002. Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry 75(3), 305-324.
Pourbabaei, H., Rostami. T., 2006. Florstic composition and plant species diversity in altitudinal classes of the managed forests, Asalem Region, Talesh, North of Iran. Ecology Environment and Conservation 12(4), 589-598.
Pourbabaie, H., 1999. Biodiversity of wood species in the forests of beech of Gilan, National Congress northern forest management and sustainable development, Ramsar, Iran.
Ulanova, N.G., 2000. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. Forest Ecology and Management 135(1-3), 155-167.
Zakeri Pashaklaie, M., Alvani Nejad, S., Esmaeilzadeh, O., 2014. Relationship between plant biodiversity and topographic factors in western forests of Mazandaran, (Case study: Tarbiat Modares University Research Forest). Journal of Applied Ecology, 3(8), 1-16. (In Persian)
Zamani, S. M., Zolfaghari. R., 2014. Evaluation of Tree and Herb Biodiversity in the Western World Conservation Area and its Relationship with Factors. Journal of Environmental Science 11(3), 131-143
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی
مرداد 1403
صفحه 115-125