استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی در مدیریت تعارضات انسان و گوشتخواران بزرگ‌جثه در پارک ملی گلستان (با تأکید بر شبکة اطلاع‌رسانی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیطزیست، دانشکدة شیلات و محیطزیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

2 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدة علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

3 گروه زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، دانشگاه جورج-آگوست گوتینگن، آلمان.

10.22059/jne.2023.362323.2578

چکیده

تعارضات انسان و حیات وحش به‌ویژه گوشتخواران بزرگ­ جثه، یکی از چالش ­های اصلی حفاظت از تنوع زیستی در مناطق مختلف جهان محسوب می ­شود. مطالعات متعددی نشان داده ­اند، عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی نقش مهمی در تعارضات انسان و گوشتخواران دارد؛ اما از سازوکار تبادل اطلاعات در مسئلة تعارضات انسان و گوشتخواران، بین ذینفعان مختلف، اطلاعات کمی در دسترس است. بنابراین در این پژوهش با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی، نقش شبکة اطلاع ­رسانی بین جوامع محلی روستاهای حاشیة پارک ملی گلستان در ارتباط با تعارضات انسان و گوشتخواران بزرگ­جثه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده‌های این پژوهش، با استفاده از روش پرسشنامه ساختارمند و مصاحبة رودررو با ۲۹۲ نفر از جوامع محلی، در طول ۷ ماه کار میدانی از اردیبهشت تا آبان 1401 جمع­ آوری شدند و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای UCINET6.528 و Netdraw مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. از ماتریس تک­ وجهی و دو­وجهی برای ترسیم شبکه‌ها استفاده شد و از شاخص‌های خرد شبکه (مرکزیت بینابینی، مرکزیت درجه و MDS) برای تفسیر شبکه‌ها استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد، تنها ۵۷٪ از افراد برای کسب اطلاعات در مورد گوشتخواران بزرگ­جثه و تعارض با آن‌ها در منطقه، در ارتباط با دیگر ذینفعان هستند و ۴۳٪، اقدامی برای کسب اطلاع در این رابطه نداشته ­اند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل گراف­ های شبکه، نشان از مرکزیت قابل ­توجه محیط ­بان و خانواده در شبکة اطلاع ­رسانی دارد، در حالی‌که، دو گروه شورای روستا و دهیار در شبکة اطلاع­رسانی، مرکزیت ندارند. همچنین، نتایج حاکی از عدم ارتباط زنان، جهت کسب اطلاع با محیط­ بان، شورای روستا و دهیار است. یافته ­های پژوهش نشان داد، لزوم بررسی شبکه­ های اجتماعی از جمله شبکة اطلاع ­رسانی در مدیریت تعارضات، ضروری­ است و می‌توان از توانایی ­های این رویکرد در جهت پیشبرد و بهبود اقدامات مدیریتی کاهش تعارضات در مناطق تحت حفاظت بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Using the social network analysis approach in the management of human-large carnivores conflict in Golestan National Park (Information network)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Ebrahimi Monfared 1
  • Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi 1
  • Hannaneh Mohammadi Kangarani 2
  • Mahmood Soofi 3

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.

2 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.

3 Department of Conservation Biology, Georg-August University of Goettingen: Goettingen, Germany.

چکیده [English]

Human-wildlife conflicts, especially large carnivores, have become one of the main challenges of biodiversity conservation in different world regions. Multiple studies suggest that socioeconomic factors play essential roles in predicting and understanding these conflicts. However, there is very little knowledge available about the extent to which that how awareness raising and information concerning human-large carnivore conflicts are being shared among different stakeholders around the protected areas. In this study, we evaluated how information regarding human-large carnivores conflict situations is communicated between different stakeholders (e.g., local people, rangers) using a social network analysis approach in the villages around the Golestan National Park (GNP), Iran. Data were collected using structured questionnaire surveys with members of households (n= 292) from April to November 2022. We analyzed the data using UCINET6.528 and Netdraw software. One-dimensional and two-dimensional matrices were applied to draw the nodes of networks. To assess the network we used three measures of connectivity nodes i.e. the betweenness centrality, degree centrality, and multidimensional scaling. The results revealed that only 57% of local people were concerned about gaining information about conflicts with large carnivores, and 43% of the local communities have not taken any action to get information about conflicts with large carnivores. The results of the network graph analysis indicated a significant centrality of protected area rangers and families in the information network, at the same time the Village Islamic Council (showra) and village heads (Dehyar) do not have centrality in the information network. The results further showed a lack of connection between women and park rangers, village councils, and village heads. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of examining social networks, including information networks, in human-wildlife conflict management and utilizing the capabilities of this approach to advance management actions for reducing and managing human-large carnivore conflicts in protected areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Golestan national park
  • Human-large carnivores conflict
  • Protected areas
  • Social network analysis
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