نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تغییرات زمانی در ترکیب عنصری و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ذرات معلق هوا ساطع شده از پهنه‌های ماسه‌ای( مطالعة غرب دریاچة ارومیه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.356230.2533

چکیده

پهنه­ های ماسه­ ای واقع در غرب دریاچه ارومیه، یکی از مهمترین منابع تولید گردوغبار در این منطقه می ­باشند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، مطالعة تغییرات زمانی در ترکیب عنصری و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ذرات معلق هوا در مجاورت پهنه­ های ماسه ­ای غرب دریاچه ارومیه در طول فصل خشک و تعیین میزان مشارکت خاک ­های محلی در ترکیب گردوغبار بود. بدین‌منظور، نمونه ­های گردوغبار در طی چهار ماه مختلف در طی فصل خشک 1399 با اله­ های رسوبگیر جمع ­آوری شدند. همچنین دو خاک غالب از کانون­ های گردوغبار نیز از عمق 5-0 سانتی­ متری نمونه ­برداری شدند. نمونه ­برداری از هرکدام از سطوح، به‌صورت مرکب و از ترکیب چندین نمونه از بخش ­های مختلف آن سطح بود. خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه ­ها از جمله توزیع اندازة ذرات، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مادة ­آلی و درصد کربنات کل اندازه ­گیری شدند. شناسایی کانی­ های غالب با روش تفریق اشعة ایکس (XRD)، شناسایی عناصر موجود در نمونه­ ها با دستگاه ICP-MS و نیز تصویربرداری از سطح نمونه ­ها با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) نیز صورت گرفت. براساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، کوارتز، کلسیت، آراگونت و هالیت کانی ­های غالب در نمونه ­ها بودند. نتایج آنالیز عنصری نشان داد که کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، سیلیسیوم، آهن و آلومینیوم در هر دو نمونه خاک و گردوغبار جزء عناصر با فراوانی زیاد بودند. تصویربرداری از سطح دو خاک نشان داد که آراگونیت با اشکال سوزنی و ستونی، فراوان­ترین کانی در آن‌ها است. براساس نتایج حاصل از محاسبة فاکتورغنی­شدن، باوجود اینکه خاک 1 (DS1) با مقدار رس، نمک و سیلت بیشتر، بالاترین مشارکت را در ترکیب گردوغبار در ابتدای فصل خشک (تیرماه و مرداد ماه) دارد، به سمت انتهای فصل خشک، مشارکت خاک 2 (DS2) با میزان املاح کمتر، شن و کربنات کل بالاتر، بیش از DS1 می ­شود. براساس نتایج میکروسکوپ روبشی و آنالیز نقطه ­ای، به سمت اواسط فصل خشک و در نتیجه تبخیر زیاد در منطقه، کلریدسدیم در سطح نمونه DS1 تجمع می­یابد و با ایجاد پوشش در دور ذرات شن، منجر به ایجاد سله شده و از ادامة فرسایش بادی، ممانعت می­ کند. با این حال، خاک DS2، تمام طول سال کانون اصلی گردوغبار باقی می ­ماند و  با دارا بودن مقادیر بسیار زیادی از کانی آراگونیت و عناصری همچون استرانسیوم 88Sr و باریم Ba  و حرکت گردوغبار حاصل، در جهت بادهای غالب به سمت مناطق مسکونی و اراضی کشاورزی، خطری جدی به حساب می ­آید و نیازمند توجه ویژه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Temporal changes in the elemental composition and physicochemical properties of dust from sand sheets of the western Lake Urmia

نویسنده [English]

  • Nikou Hamzehpour

Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Sand sheets of the western LU are among the major dust sources in the region. Thus, the aims of the present study were to comprehensive study the dust origins from Sa-sheets; dust characteristics and aerosol temporal variability throughout the dry season. Using dust traps, dust samples were collected during four time periods July, August, October, and November. Soil and dust samples then subjected to physicochemical, mineralogical (XRD), and elemental (ICP-MS) analysis. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), morphology and main chemical constituents of the soil-dust particles were also characterized. Quartz, Calcite, Aragonite and Halite were the dominant minerals in the samples. Elemental analysis results revealed that Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Silicon (Si), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) are the dominant constituents of both soil and dust samples. Among rare elements, strontium (88Sr) and barium (Ba) with 3 and 0.21 g kg-1 were the prevailing elements. The calculation of the enrichment factors demonstrated that while dust source 1 (DS1) with higher clay, salt, and silt content contributes more to the dust composition from July to August, dust source 2 (DS2) with less salinity and higher sand content becomes major contributor to dust composition from October to November.  SEM images of the soil samples showed that Aragonite dominated the samples. However, towards the mid dry season and as a consequence of the extensive evaporation, NaCl accumulates in the surface of DS1, resulting in the formation of a thin crust which prevents the soil DS1 from further erosion for the rest of the dry season. Nevertheless, the prevalence of the toxic elements in the dust blown from sand sheets and their transport to the surrounding cities in the direction of the prevailing winds is a serious threat to both human health and agricultural production and thus needs careful attention.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elemental analysis
  • Enrichment factor
  • Scanning electron microscope
  • Sodium chloride
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، ویژه نامه مناطق تحت حفاظت
بهمن 1402
صفحه 79-95