ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی آلاینده‌های ذره‌ای هوا (PM10 وPM2.5 ) در تهران، مطالعة منطقة پونک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دماوند، دماوند، ایران.

2 گروه علوم محیطی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.356444.2536

چکیده

آلودگی هوا اثرات مضری بر محیط‌زیست و سلامت انسان‌ها دارد و می‌تواند باعث بیماری‌های مزمن و حاد در گروه ­های سنی مختلف گردد. مطالعات متعددی به ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی آلاینده­ های هوا برای تعیین ریسک سرطان­زایی و غیرسرطان­زایی پرداخته­اند. هدف از مطالعة حاضر ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی آلاینده ­های PM10و  PM2.5در منطقة پونک شهر تهران در سال 1397 بود. برای انجام این پژوهش داده­ های آلاینده­ های هوا از بخش آرشیو سایت اینترنتی کنترل کیفیت هوای تهران اخذ شد. داده­ های حاصل توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 26 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. سپس از دستورالعمل سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست آمریکا ریسک سرطان ­زایی و غیرسرطان ­زایی برای  PM10و PM2.5 محاسبه گردید. صدک 98 غلظت 24 ساعته PM2.5، μg/m3 52 به‌دست آمد که نشان‌دهندة تجاوز از استاندارد EPA بود. همچنین غلظت 24 ساعته PM10 تنها در یک روز در سال از مقدار توصیه‌شده EPA فراتر رفته و برابر با μg/m3 230 بود، که بیانگر عدم تجاوز غلظت 24 ساعته PM10  از استاندارد EPA در منطقة پونک بود. غلظت ذرات PM2.5 برای همة گروه ­های سنی خطرسرطان­ زایی داشت. خطر غیرسرطان ­زایی برای PM2.5، از 0/2 تا 17/8متغیر بود. همچنین برای PM10  از 0/12 تا 11/1 به‌ترتیب در کمترین و بیشترین غلظت آلاینده بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد آلودگی هوا به ذرات معلق. در منطقة پونک تهران موضوع بسیار مهم و جدی است چرا که در غلظت­ های میانگین و بیشینه می­ تواند خطر سرطان ­زایی بسیار جدی برای کودکان و بزرگسالان ایجاد ­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Health risk assessment of air particulate pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) in Tehran, A case study of Poonak

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Reza Miralizadeh Fard 1
  • Shahrzad Khoram Nejadian 1
  • Yousef Rashidi 2

1 Department of Environment, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran.

2 Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Air pollution has harmful effects on the environment and human health and can cause chronic and acute diseases in different age groups. Several studies have evaluated the health risk of air pollutants to determine carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the health risk of PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants in Poonak area of Tehran in 2017. In this research, the data of air pollutants were obtained from the archive section of the Tehran air quality control website. The resulting data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 software. Then, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for PM10 and PM2.5 was calculated from the guidelines of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The 98th percentile of 24-hour PM2.5 concentration was 52 μg/m3, which exceeded the EPA standard. Also, the 24-hour concentration of PM10 exceeded the recommended value of EPA on only one day a year and was equal to 230 μg/m3, which indicated that the 24-hour concentration of PM10 did not exceed the EPA standard in Poonak. The lowest concentration of PM2.5 particles in 2017 was carcinogenic for all age groups. Non-carcinogenic risk for PM2.5 varied from 0.2 to 17.8. Also, for PM10, it was from 0.12 to 11.1 in the lowest and highest pollutant concentration, respectively. The results of this study showed that air pollution by suspended particles in the Poonak region of Tehran is a very important and serious issue because in average and maximum concentrations it can cause cancer risk for children and adults.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carcinogenic risk
  • Health risk assessment
  • Non-carcinogenic risk
  • Particulate pollutants
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