نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان شهریار با استفاده از سنجش از راه دور وGIS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌ زیست، پردیس بین‌الملل کیش، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط‌ زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.354658.2522

چکیده

زمین‌های کشاورزی منابع ارزشمند و محدودی هستند، بنابراین اهمیت حفظ و نگهداری از این‌ گونه اراضی به‌دلیل اهمیت محصولات کشاورزی، از نظر اقتصادی و برطرف کردن نیازهای معیشتی جمعیت، امری طبیعی و ضروری است. در این راستا، از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های قرن اخیر در زمینة اراضی کشاورزی، تغییرات کاربری اراضی مولد کشاورزی می‌باشد که افزون بر مشکلات ‌محیط‌زیستی متعدد از جمله تخریب خاک‌های حاصلخیز، پوشش گیاهی و کاهش تنوع جانوری را به‌دنبال دارد. امروزه با هدف برنامه‌ریزی متناسب و اجرای موفق برنامه‌ها، نیازمند اطلاعات صحیح، دقیق و به‌روز از نسبت کاربری‌های اراضی و سیمای سرزمین هستند، بنابراین فناوری سنجش ‌از دور به‌دلیل داشتن دید فضایی و یکپارچه از منطقه و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی به‌دلیل داشتن قابلیت تجزیه ‌و تحلیل، مدل‌سازی و تهیة نقشه‌های کاربری می‌توانند در این راستا کارآمد باشند. بدین‌منظور هدف این پژوهش، بررسی روند تغییرات و دگرگونی اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان شهریار در 30 سال گذشته با استفاده از تکنیک سنجش ‌از دور و GIS می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، به‌منظور تجزیه‌ و تحلیل اطلاعات و تهیة نقشة کاربری اراضی کشاورزی از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست و سنجنده‌های TM-ETM-TIRS در سال‌های 1989 تا 2022 (4 دوره) استفاده‌ شد. نتایج نشان داد که اراضی باغی در 30 سال اخیر کاهش زیاد و اراضی زراعت آبی-دیمی و کشاورزی و همچنین زمین‌های کشاورزی افزایش داشته‌اند و تجزیه ‌و تحلیل پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از شاخص NDVI روند کاهش پوشش گیاهی در سال‌های مورد مطالعه را نشان داد. همچنین الگوی تغییرات اقلیمی، کاهش بارش و افزایش دمای سطح اراضی کشاورزی در 30 سال اخیر را نشان داد که کشاورزان را برای انجام فعالیت زراعی و کشاورزی با کمبود و کاهش آب و عدم تمایل به فعالیت روبه‌رو کرده است. با توجه به یافته‌ها، آنچه مشهود است، روند تغییرات اقلیمی از قبیل افزایش دما و کاهش بارش و تغییرات اراضی کشاورزی به یک چالش جدی و نگران‌کننده در این شهرستان تبدیل ‌شده که نیازمند پیاده‌سازی و ارائة راهکارها و سیاست‌های جدید به‌منظور توسعه و ترویج فعالیت‌های کشاورزی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the process of agricultural land use changes in Shahriar twonship using remote sensing and GIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Memarzadeh Kiani 1
  • Farzad Daneshvar Fatah 2

1 Department of Environmental planning, Management and Education, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran..

2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Agricultural lands are valuable and limited resources so the importance of preserving and maintaining such lands is necessary due to the importance of agricultural products, economic aspect, and to meet the population's livelihood needs. In this regard, one of the most important challenges of the last century in the field of agricultural lands is the land use changes in the productive agricultural lands, which, in addition to numerous environmental problems, such as the destruction of fertile soils, vegetation, has the reduction of animal diversity. Today, with the aim of appropriate planning and successful implementation of programs, accurate and up-to-date information on the ratio of land uses and landscape of the field is needed, therefore, since remote sensing technology has a spatial and integrated view of the region and Geographic Information System has the analysis ability, modeling and preparation of land use maps can be effective in this regard. Therefore, the present research has conducted with the aim of studying the process of changes and transformation of agricultural lands in Shahryar county in the last 30 years using Remote Sensing technology (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this research, Landsat satellite images and sensors (TM-ETM-TIRS) were used in the years 1989 to 2022 (4 periods) to analyze the information and prepare the agricultural land use map. The results showed that garden lands have decreased a lot in the last 30 years, and irrigated agricultural lands have increased, and the analysis of vegetation using the NDVI index showed the decreasing of the vegetation during the study years. Moreover, the climate change pattern showed decrease in rainfall and increase in the surface temperature of agricultural lands in the last 30 years which has faced the farmers with water shortage and reduction and unwillingness to do agricultural activities. According to the findings, it is evident that the trend of climate change, such as increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall, and agricultural land changes, have become a serious and concerning problem in this county, and it requires the implementation and presentation of new solutions and policies in order to develop and promote agricultural activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural land use
  • Changes monitoring
  • Map
  • Shahriar
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 4
اسفند 1402
صفحه 659-674