ارزیابی قابلیت گونه‌های ازمک (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.) و بومادران (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) به‏ عنوان پایش‏گر و پالایندة زیستی عناصر بالقوة سمی در محیط حاشیة جاده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.353266.2511

چکیده

پایش و پالایش آلاینده‏ های فلزی مرتبط با ترافیک، راهکاری مناسب به‏ منظور مدیریت و ایجاد زیست‏بوم امن برای زیست‏مندان است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی قابلیت گونه‌های گیاهی ازمک (Cardaria draba L. Desva) و بومادران (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) به‏ عنوان پایش‏گر و پالایندة زیستی عناصر بالقوة سمی آرسنیک، کادمیم و مس در محیط حاشیة جاده در سال 1398 انجام یافت. به این منظور، در مجموع 126 نمونة گیاهی و 63 نمونة خاک سطحی در طول 700 متر از یک قطعة 9 کیلومتری از جاده ‏های گلتپه، ساوه و کرمانشاه واقع در شهرستان همدان جمع ‏آوری و پس از آماده‏ سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‌های خاک و گیاه در آزمایشگاه، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‏ سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شده و شاخص نرخ جذب سطحی هواسپهری (CR)، فاکتورهای تغلیظ ‏زیستی (BCF)، تجمع‏ زیستی (BAF)، انتقال (TF) و شاخص‏های جامع تغلیظ ‏زیستی (CBCI) و تجمع ‌زیستی (CBAI) محاسبه شدند. پردازش آماری نتایج نیز با استفاده ازنرم‏افزار SPSS انجام یافت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینة میانگین مقادیر نرخ جذب سطحی عناصر آرسنیک و کادمیم به‏ترتیب با %34/0 و %14/8مربوط به بومادران و بیشینة مقدار نرخ جذب سطحی عنصر مس با %9/30 مربوط به ازمک بوده است. از طرفی، ازمک دارای میانگین مقادیر BAF و TF بزرگ‏تر از یک برای همة عناصر بود. بومادران دارای میانگین مقادیر BCF و TF بزرگ‏تر و کوچک‏تر از یک به‌ترتیب برای عناصر آرسنیک و کادمیم و میانگین مقادیر BAF و TF بزرگ‏تر از یک برای عنصر مس بود. میانگین مقادیر شاخص‌های CBCI و CBAI در ازمک به ‏ترتیب برابر با 0/501 و 0/527 و در بومادران نیز به‏ترتیب برابر با 0/441 و 0/536 بود. با استناد به میانگین مقادیر شاخص نرخ جذب سطحی هواسپهری، فاکتورهای تغلیظ ‏زیستی، تجمع‏ زیستی، انتقال و شاخص‏های جامع تغلیظ‏ زیستی و تجمع ‌زیستی عناصر می‌توان از ازمک و بومادران به‌عنوان گونه‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ های بومی کارآمد برای پایش و پالایش فلزات سنگین از هوا و خاک در مناطق آلوده استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the ability of Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. and Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch as biomonitors and bioremediators of potentially toxic elements in the roadside environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheil Sobhan Ardakani
  • Nayereh Sadat Hosseini

Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Monitoring and remediation of metal pollutants related to traffic is a suitable way to manage and create a safe ecosystem for living beings. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the ability of cardaria draba L. Desva and Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch as biomonitors and bioremediators of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd and Cu) in the roadside environment in 2020. In so doing, a total of 63 surface soil samples and 126 plant samples were collected along 700 m from a 9 km section of Goltepeh, Saveh and Kermanshah roads. After acidic digestion of soil and plant samples in the laboratory; the contents of As, Cd and Cu were determined using ICP-OES. Atmospheric capture rate index (CR), bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), transfer factor (TF), comprehensive bio-concentration index (CBCI) and comprehensive and bioaccumulation index (CBAI) were calculated. Also, the SPSS statistics software (IBM) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that the highest mean values of CR for As and Cd in A. wilhelmsii were 34.0% and 14.8%, respectively; and the highest mean value of CR for Cu in C. draba was 30.9%. On the other hand, C. draba had average BAF and TF values greater than 1 for all elements. A. wilhelmsii had mean BCF values greater than 1 and TF values less than 1 for As and Cd, and mean BAF and TF values greater than 1 for Cu. The average values of the CBCI and CBAI indices in C. draba were 0.501 and 0.527, respectively, and in A. wilhelmsii were 0.441 and 0.536, respectively. Based on the average values of CR, BCF, BAF, TF, CBCI, and CBAI of elements it should be argued that C. draba and A. wilhelmsii could be used as an efficient native species for monitoring and remediation of heavy metals from air and soil in contaminated areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioaccumulation factor
  • Bioconcentration factor
  • Biomonitoring
  • Herbaceous species
  • Potentially toxic elements
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