نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارتقاء سطح حفاظت از تنوع زیستی با بهبود وضعیت شبکه تحت حفاظت کشور، برنامه ریزی سیستماتیک حفاظت با استفاده از الگوریتم Zonation

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران؛ استادیار گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک

2 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

انتخاب مناطق حفاظت شده، یکی از مهمترین اقدامات برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی محسوب می شود. رویکردهای تک منظوره و یا مبتنی بر انتخاب گونه‌های کاریزماتیک منجر به تشکیل شبکه‌ حفاظتی غیر معرف از تنوع زیستی یک کشور می‌گردد. برای رفع این مشکل، رویکرد برنامه‌ریزی سیستماتیک حفاظت معرفی شده است. با توجه به اینکه طبق پیشنهاد مطرح شده توسط UNEP تا سال ۲۰۲۰ سطح مناطق تحت حفاظت کشور باید از ۱۰ درصد تا ۱۷ درصد افزایش یابد، در این پژوهش، الگوریتم Zonation برای اولویت بندی مناطق جدید برای افزوده شدن به شبکه حفاظتی کنونی به کار گرفته شد. به این منظور 36 گونه‌های جایگزین تنوع زیستی متشکل از گونه‌های آندمیک و یا در رده تهدید فهرست سرخ IUCN متعلق به پستانداران، پرندگان، خزندگان و دوزیستان انتخاب شدند. مدل مطلوبیت زیستگاه با روش بیشینه بی نظمی تهیه شد. سپس، الگوریتم Zonation با سه قانون حذف پیکسل‌ زون بندی منطقه هسته‌ای، تابع افزاینده فایده و برنامه ریزی مبتنی بر هدف و با ثابت نگاه داشتن شبکه حفاظتی فعلی بر روی نقشه های مطلوبیت زیستگاه گونه های پیاده شد. انتخاب ۲۰ درصد از مناطق با بالاترین اولویت حفاظتی پیشنهاد شده توسط هر سه روش، حفاظت از زیستگاه گونه های جایگزین را حداقل ۱۶ درصد افزایش می‌دهد. مناطق پیشنهادی توسط روش تابع افزاینده فایده به طور متوسط ۹۸/۳۴ درصد از زیستگاه‌های گونه‌های جایگزین را در بر می‌گیرند که بیش از دو روش زون بندی منطقه هسته‌ای (74/28 درصد) و برنامه ریزی مبتنی بر هدف (1/31 درصد) است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving biodiversity conservation with expansion of protected area network in Iran, systematic conservation planning applying Zonation algorithm

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Shams-Esfandabad 1
  • Mohammad Kaboli 2

1 PhD student in Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Assistant Professor, Department of environment, Arak branch, Islamic Azad University.

2

چکیده [English]

Designation of protected areas is the most important action in conservation of biodiversity. Previous Ad hoc methods and focusing on charismatic species resulted in unrepresentative networks of protected areas. To compensate this problem systematic conservation planning is introduced and applied. Nearly, 10 percent of Iran is designated as protected areas that should be added up to 17% until 2020, as suggested by UNEP. Therefore, we applied Zonation conservation prioritization algorithm to introduce new high priority areas to be added to the current network. We chose 36 endemic and globally threatened enlisted in IUCN red list mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians as surrogate species. We developed maximum entropy modeling on surrogates to develop habitat suitability models. Zonation approach was applied with all of the three cell removal rules of additive benefit function (ABF), core area zonation (CAZ) and Target based planning (TBP). The current area network was included in all the rules. Selection of the 20% of country area with highest conservation rank based on each rule lead to increase of species habitat conservation by an average of 16%. The ABF is the most efficient rule with conservation of 34.98% of surrogate habitats on average in comparison with CAZ (28.74%) and TBP (31.1%).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Systematic conservation planning
  • Zonation algorithm
  • ٍSurrogate species
  • protected area network
  • Iran
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 63-76