نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی اثرات کودهای شیمیایی بر تغییرات جمعیتی گونه های کرم‌های خاکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی

2 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کرم‌های خاکی به دلیل نقش مهمی که در فرآیندهای زیستی، شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک دارند برای بسیاری از آزمونهای سمیت و ارزیابی‌های محیطی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌اند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین اثرات برخی کودهای شیمیایی بر فراوانی گونه‌های مختلف کرم‌های خاکی به اجرا درآمد. پلات‌های آزمایشی به مساحت یک مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. در هر پلات، از هریک از کودهای رایج و بر اساس آزمون خاک شامل کود اوره (Urea)، سولفات آمونیوم(AS)، دی آمونیوم فسفات(DAP)، سولو پتاس(Solupotas)، کود کامل ماکرو حاوی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم (NPK, 15-5-25)، ترکیب کود دامی پوسیده شده و کود کامل ماکرو (NPK+OM) به نسبت دو به یک و کود دامی(OM)، استفاده شد و پلات شاهد بدون مصرف هر نوع کود شیمیایی و دامی (Control)، در نظر گرفته شدند. بررسی فراوانی کرم‌ها در دو مرحله زمانی و در دو عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتیمتری خاک، انجام شد. در مرحله اول، بیست روز پس از افزودن کودها و در مرحله دوم، شصت روز پس از مصرف کودها، نمونه برداری از کرم‌های خاکی و بررسی تغییرات در آنها انجام شد. تیمارها در سه تکرار اعمال شد و داده‌ها در قالب تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS تحلیل آماری شدند. نتایج مقایسات میانگین جمعیت کرم‌ها نشان داد که در روز بیستم و در عمق 20-0 سانتیمتری خاک، فراوانی گونه E. fetida در تیمارهای آمونیوم سولفات و اوره نسبت به تیمار شاهد، کاهش معنی‌دار یافته است. از بین کرم های اپی‌جئیک، گونه D. hortensis سازگاری بیشتری نشان داد و فراوانی آن در تیمار آمونیوم سولفات بیش از تیمار اوره بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که کرمهای گونه L. terrestris نسبت به گونه A. longa مقاومت بیشتری در برابر کودهای شیمیایی نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of chemical fertilizers on population variations of different species of earthworms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Yahyabadi 1
  • Amir Hossein Hamidian 2
  • Sohrab Ashrafi 2

1

2 University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Earthworms have been used for many toxicity assay and environmental assessments because of the remarkable role they play in the biological, chemical and physical processes of the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical fertilizers on the density of earthworms in the soil of an orchard. One square meter area was considered as experimental plot. Seven different types of fertilizers including Urea, Ammonium sulfate (AS), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Solupotas, NPK (15-5-25), (NPK+OM) and organic manure (OM) as experimental treatments were studied, based on the soil test. Abundance of worms were evaluated in two stages of time and in 2 depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm of soil. In the first stage, 20 days after the addition of fertilizers, and in the second stage, 60 days after fertilization, earthworms were sampled and their number changes were measured. Treatments were applied in three replications and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (using the GLM process) by SPSS software.
The results of the means comparison showed that on the 20th day, at 0-20 cm soil depth, E. fetida species abundance was decreased significantly in AS and Urea treatments compared to the control plot (p˂0.05). From epigeic group, D. hortensis species showed more compatibility and its population in AS treatment was more than that of Urea treatment. Results also showed that the anecic L. terrestris, had a greater tolerance to chemical fertilizers compared to the A. Longa species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • earthworms
  • Anecic
  • Epigeic
  • Chemical and organic fertilizers
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 72، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 227-238