نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی اثر مقیاس بر حساسیت سنجه‏های سیمای سرزمین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشتۀ منابع طبیعی‌ـ محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی‌ـ گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

توسعۀ سنجه‏های سیمای سرزمین در اواخر دهۀ 1980 و پیشرفت‏های فنون سنجش از دور و سامانۀ اطلاعات جغرافیایی توانستند بعد جدیدی در مطالعات اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین به‌خصوص در زمینۀ ارتباط بین الگوهای مکانی و فرایندهای اکولوژیکی به‌وجود آورد. با‌این‌حال وابستگی برخی سنجه‏های سیمای سرزمین به عامل مقیاس و قدرت تفکیک‏های مختلف سامانه‏های سنجش از دور سبب شد توجه ویژه‏ای به انتخاب مقیاس مناسب در مطالعات اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین و در‌نتیجه تفسیر درست فرایندهای اکولوژیکی به‌وجود بیاید. پژوهش حاضر نیز در این راستا به بررسی اثر مقیاس بر روند تغییر مجموعه‏ای از سنجه‏های سیمای سرزمین پرداخته است. از این‌رو با پردازش تصویر ماهوارۀ لندست در شهر اصفهان و پیرامون آن (به مساحت 480 هزار هکتار) به بررسی اثر مقیاس در دو بخش گسترۀ مکانی و اندازۀ سلول بر روند تغییر برخی سنجه‏های سیمای سرزمین در طبقۀ پوشش سبز پرداخته شد. بدین منظور اندازۀ سلول از 30 متر به 60، 120، 240 و 480 متر و گسترۀ مکانی از 300 هکتار به مقادیر 600، 1200، 2400 و 4800 هکتار افزایش یافت تا حساسیت مقادیر سنجه‏های تعداد لکه (NP)، تراکم لکه (PD)، شاخص شکل سیمای سرزمین (LSI)، متوسط اندازۀ لکه (MPS)، تراکم حاشیه (ED)، میانگین فاصلۀ اقلیدسی نزدیک‌ترین همسایه (MNN)، شاخص متوسط لکه (MSI) و شاخص کل هستۀ مرکزی (TCAI) نسبت به مقیاس بررسی شود. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان از حساسیت بیشتر این سنجه‏ها (‌غیر از سنجۀ TCAI) نسبت به عامل مقیاس است. انجام مطالعات از این دست و توجه به مبحث مقیاس به‌منزلۀ یکی از مباحث مهم اکولوژیکی نقش مهمی در شناسایی آثار و فرایندهای اکولوژیکی، پیش‏بینی عملکردهای اکولوژیکی (مدل‏سازی سرزمین) و کاهش عدم قطعیت حاصل در مطالعات اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A survey of the effect of scale on the sensitivity of landscape metrics

نویسندگان [English]

  • ali asgarian 1
  • Bahman Jabbarian Amiri 2

1 MSc student, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Development of remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques and that of landscape metrics in the late 1980s have caused to introduce a new dimension in the landscape ecology arena (the relationship between spatial patterns and ecological processes). However, scale dependence of some of landscape metrics and RS systems of different spatial resolution has resulted in particular attention into selection of an appropriate scale in the landscape ecology studies and correct interpretation of ecological processes. Hence, the present study has investigated the behaviors of some landscape metrics in relation to changes in scale. Accordingly, the effects of the scale (pixel size and extent) on those landscape metrics which indicate trends of vegetation cover class was discussed applying Landsat images in Isfahan city and its surrounding (an area of ​​960 thousand hectares). For this purpose, behavior of NP, PD, LSI, MPS, ED, MNN, MSI and TCAI have studied through changing the size from 30 m to 60, 120, 240 and 480 and extent from 300 ha to 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800. The results of this study indicated sensitivity of these metrics except TCAI in relation to the scale factor. This type of studies and attention to the spatial scale have indicated that it could play an important role in identifying the impacts of ecological processes, predicting the ecological functions (landscape modeling) and reducing the uncertainty in landscape ecology studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landscape ecology
  • Landscape metrics
  • pixel size
  • extent
 
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 68، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 3
آبان 1394
صفحه 431-441