نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین در بافت عضلۀ خرچنگ دراز آب شیرین (Astacus leptodactylus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست

2 - استادیار دانشگاه تهران، دکترای مهندسی محیط‌زیست-

3 - دانشگاه تهران، دکترای مهندسی شیلات

4 - دانشگاه تهران، دکترای مهندسی محیط زیست

چکیده

فلزات سنگین آلاینده‌های شیمیایی‌اند که به‌دلیل سمی بودن، پایداری، تجمع زیستی و بزرگ‌نمایی زیستی همواره مورد توجه بوده‌اند. این آلاینده‌ها در بدن آب‌زیان تجمع می‌یابند و سپس از طریق زنجیرۀ غذایی به بدن انسان منتقل می‌شوند. به همین دلیل در مطالعات بوم‌شناختی، تجمع آن‌ها، به‌خصوص در گونه‌های آب‌زی خوراکی، پارامتری مهم به‌شمار می‌رود و پایش می‌شود. گونۀ مورد مطالعه خرچنگ دراز آب شیرین (Astacusleptodactylus) است. موجودی کف‌زی، کم‌تحرک، و همه‌چیزخوار که به‌تازگی برای تغذیه در ایران مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. نمونه‌ها از بازار تهران به‌صورت تصادفی خریداری شد. طول، وزن و جنسیت آن‌ها تعیین شد. سپس داده‌های مربوط به غلظت فلزات سرب، کروم، مس و روی در بافت عضله با استفاده از روش هضم تر و دستگاه جذب اتمی مدل (Perkin Elmer, USA) به‌دست آمد. نتایج حاصل با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS 19 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین وزن و طول با غلظت فلزات هیچ‌گونه همبستگی وجود ندارد. در مورد جنسیت نیز عناصر سمی با جنس همبسته نبودند، اما عناصر مغذی با جنسیت همبستگی داشتند. بین غلظت فلزات اختلاف معنا‌داری دیده شد و الگوی تجمع فلزات به‌صورت روی> مس> کروم≥ سرب بود. مقایسۀ مقادیر فلزات با استانداردها نشان داد که غلظت مس و روی به‌وضوح از مقادیر استانداردهای WHO و ANHMRC کمتر است، اما در مورد عنصر سرب غلظت در حد استانداردهای اعلام‌شده بود. ازآن‌جاکه میزان مصرف این آب‌زی در بین ایرانیان بالا نیست و غلظت عناصر سمی با پخت و پز کاهش می‌یابد، مصرف آن با مقادیر تجمع فعلی فلزات برای سلامتی انسان مضر نیست، هرچند باید اقدامات احتیاطی لازم انجام شود تا در آینده تجمع این آلاینده‌ها در اکوسیستم آبی و در پی آن در غذاهای دریایی افزایش نیابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of heavy metals concentration in muscle tissue of Cryfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • zohreh ahmadi kordestani 1
  • Amir Hossein Hamidian 2
  • Seid Vali Hosseini 3
  • Sohrab Ashrafi 4

چکیده [English]

: Heavy metals are chemical pollutants characterized by their toxicity, stability, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. They might accumulate in aquatic organisms, transfer through food chain and enter into human body. Therefore, the study of their accumulation in the edible aquatic species has been a very important part of ecological and monitoring investigations. Astacus leptodactylus is a benthic species, which is sedentary and omnivores, and is recently becoming one of the food sources in Iran. Samples were randomly purchased from the Tehran market. Their length, weight and sex were determined. The concentrations of lead, chromium, copper and zinc in muscle tissues were obtained using wet digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, USA). Results were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 19. No correlation was found between weight and length with the metal concentrations. There was also no correlation between sex and the concentration of toxic elements; however sex found to have significant correlation with the concentration of essential elements. There was significant differences between concentration of metal; and the pattern of accumulation of the metals was Zn > Cu > Cr ≥ Pb. Comparison of the metal concentrations with standard values indicated that copper and zinc concentrations are lower than concentrations allowed by WHO ​​and ANHMRC, while lead concentration was around the allowed levels. Because of very low consumption of this aquatic organism in Iran and a decrease observed in the concentrations of toxic metals after cooking, the consumption of this seafood is not harmful to human health. However, it is necessary to take safety precautions, so that the concentrations of the metals do not increase in aquatic ecosystems and in turn in seafood.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aras dam
  • Cryfish
  • Astacus leptodactylu
  • Heavy metals
  • Standard
 
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 68، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 3
آبان 1394
صفحه 345-351