نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مطالعۀ مصب رودخانه‌های منتهی به دریای خزر در استان گیلان بر‌اساس جوامع کفزیان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور‌ـ پژوهشکدۀ آبزی‌پروری آب‌های داخلی (بندر انزلی)

2 گروه اکولوژی دریا‌ـ معاونت محیط زیست دریایی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست

چکیده

‌آب‌های مناطق ساحلی، به‌ویژه مصب‌ها از جمله مناطق با توان تولید بالا قلمداد می‌شوند که تحت‌تأثیر ورود انواع آلود‌گی‌ها در مسیر زوال و نابودی قرار دارند. اکوسیستم‌های مصب رودخانه‌های منتهی به دریای خزر در شمال کشور از نظر جانوران کفزی و شاخص‌های کیفی مرتبط کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌‌اند. ‌در این پژوهش، بررسی مصب 18 رودخانة منتهی به دریای خزر در استان گیلان با استفاده از جوامع کفزیان مورد توجه قرار گرفت. در مصب هر رودخانه 8 ایستگاه تعیین شد که طی سه دورۀ زمانی زمستان 1387، بهار و تابستان 1388 نمونه‌برداری و شناسایی شدند. ارزیابی زیستی و بررسی کیفی آب مناطق با استفاده از شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای شانون‌ـ وینر و شاخص زیستی هیلسنهولف انجام شد.‌ ‌نتایج محاسبۀ شاخص تنوع شانون‌ـ وینر در رودخانه‌های مختلف نشان داد که رودخانه‌های آستارا و لمیر به‌ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین تنوع موجودات را داشتند. ایستگاه‌های رودخانه‌ای (‌1 و 2‌) کمترین مقدار و ایستگاه‌های دور از ساحل (5، 6 و 7) بیشترین مقدار شاخص تنوع را داشتند. بر‌اساس رتبه‌بندی کیفی آب با میانگین شاخص بیولوژیک هیلسنهولف، ایستگاه‌های 1و 2 با سایر ایستگاه‌ها تفاوت معنادار نشان داده بودند و کیفیت نسبتاً ضعیف داشتند. مصب رودخانه‌های خطبه‌سرا، ناورود، حشمت‌رود و شیرآباد کیفیت خوب و بیشتر مناطق وضعیت متوسطی داشتند. در شمای کلی رودخانه‌های غرب منطقۀ بررسی‌شده از وضعیت کیفی مطلوب‌تری برخوردار بوده است که در ارتباط با خصوصیات بیولوژیک بی‌مهرگان کفزی، شرایط متفاوت حاکم در فصول بررسی‌شده، گسترۀ حوزۀ آبخیز و مرفولوژی رودخانه ها تفسیر شده‌اند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Caspian Sea river estuaries in Guilan province base on benthic organisms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Mirzajani 1
  • Ahmad Ganeh 1
  • Hojat khodaparast 1
  • Seied Gasem Gorbanzadeh Zaferani 2
  • Omid Sedigi Savadkohi 2

1 Department of ecology, Iranian Fisheries science institute, Inland water aquaculture research center (Bandar Anzali)

2 Marine ecology group, Department of environoment

چکیده [English]

The coastal areas are highly productive system that is degrading due to receiving huge amount of various pollutants. Despite of the important of north Caspian Sea estuaries the quality index of benthic fauna received less attention.
In this survey the benthic population of 18 rivers estuaries in southern Caspian Sea were investigated. The benthic sampling and identification were conducted at eight points in each estuary in three periods of winter, spring and summer 2009. The Shannon Wiener diversity and the Hilsenhoff biotic indices were used for evaluation of environmental quality.
The result of Shannon Wiener index values in various rivers indicates that Astara and Lemir had the lowest and highest diversity respectively. The station 1 and 2 in river showed the lowest and offshore stations 5, 6 and 7 the highest diversity values.
According to Hilsenhoff biotic index for water quality classification, the stations of 1 and 2 with low quality were significantly difference with other stations. The quality of estuaries of Khotbesara, Navroud, Heshmatrud and Shirabad were strongly good and the other were slightly and moderately good condition.
In generally, the quality of rivers in western region were better than the other regions, where they were characterized on the base of seasonal condition, biological properties of benthic fauna , morphology and watershed basin of the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Caspian sea rivers estuary"
  • "Macrobenthos"
  • "Diversity"
  • "Bioassessment"
  • "Biological index"
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 67، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 4
دی 1393
صفحه 461-474