1کارشناس ارشد، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2دانشیار، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
3استادیار، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
چکیده
تنوع زیستی به‌دلیل فعالیتهای انسانی با سرعت فزایندهای در حال از بین رفتن است. یکی از تهدیدهای عمدۀ تنوع زیستی، توسعۀ زیرساختها و از‌جمله جاده‌هاست. جادهها تأثیرات بوم‌شناختی مهمی روی پرندگان میگذارند. از این‌رو، کاهش تراکم پرندگان در مجاورت جادههای پرترافیک به یک مشاهده نسبتاً معمول تبدیل شده است. این کاهش در تراکم گونهها بر اثر کاهش کیفیت زیستگاه به‌دلیل آلودگی صدای ترافیک است. در پژوهش حاضر شاخصهای تنوع گونهای و همبستگی پرندگان با متغیرهای محیط زیستی و نیز تراز صدا با استفاده از روش نمونهبرداری سیستماتیک‌ـ تصادفی در جادۀ پارک ملی گلستان مطالعه شد. ایستگاههای نمونهبرداری در 76 نقطه در فواصل مختلف از جادۀ پارک ملی انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین همباشی جامعۀ پرندگان با متغیرهای محیط زیستی از تحلیل فزاینده استفاده شد. مشخص شد که متوسط تراز صوت، عرض مؤثر جاده، تعداد خودروها و تعداد بوق‌زدن خودروها تنوع گونهای و توزیع پرندگان را در منطقۀ مطالعه‌شده تحت‌تأثیر قرار میدهد. جامعۀ پرندگان متشکل از برخی گونهها نظیر انواع دارکوب، کمرکلی، سینه‌سرخ، سهره و توکا حساسترین گروه نسبت به تراز صوت موجود در جادۀ پارک ملی گلستان بودند. در مقابل، عقاب طلایی تأثیرپذیری کمتری از آثار سوء مجاورت با جاده از خود نشان داد.
1MSc. Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2Associate professor of Environmental Sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3Assistant Professor of Environmental Sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]
Biodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development such as roads which have important negative and some positive ecological effects on wild birds. In many cases, decreased bird densities have been observed in large zones adjacent to busy roads. Indices of diversity and birds’ correlation with traffic noise and other environmental variables were studied using a Systematic-Random sampling method in Golestan National Park. The sampling stations were selected at 76 points in various distances from the main road crossing the park. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used for determination of the measure of association between the birds and environmental variables such as noise level, temperature, number of vehicles and humidity. The equivalent sound level "LAeq", effective width of road, number of vehicles and horn beeping, species diversity and distribution of birds in the study area and temperature and humidity comprised the variables recorded at the sampling stations. Some bird species such as woodpeckers, nuthatches, robins, chaffinches and blackbirds were most sensitive to sound level. In contrast, golden eagle showed more resistance to adverse effects of proximity to roads.
کلیدواژه ها [English]
Golestan Nationl Park, birds, noise, Traffic, RDA
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