نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تهیة نقشة پراکنش توده‌های باقیماندة شمشاد هیرکانی با استفاده از تصاویر سنتینل-۲ به‌منظور اولویت‌بندی حفاظتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.412040.2899
چکیده
شمشاد هیرکانی (Buxus hyrcana Pojark.) گونه‌ای ارزشمند و بازمانده از دوران سوم زمین‌شناسی در جنگل‌های هیرکانی است که نقش مهمی در پایداری این بوم‌سازگان دارد. طی دو دهة اخیر، زوال گسترة توده‌های شمشاد به‌ویژه بر اثر آفت شب‌پرة برگ‌خوار و بیماری بلایت ناشی از قارچ Calonectria pseudonaviculata به ­بحرانی جدی تبدیل شده است. با وجود اهمیت موضوع، مطالعه‌ای جامع برای تهیة نقشة پراکنش و اولویت‌بندی حفاظتی توده‌های باقیمانده انجام نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تهیة نقشة پراکنش توده‌های باقیماندة شمشاد هیرکانی با استفاده از تصاویر سنتینل-۲ و اولویت‌بندی حفاظتی در سه رویشگاه شاخص (چشمه‌بلبل، سی‌سنگان و شفارود) طراحی شد. نمونه‌برداری میدانی در تابستان ۱۴۰۴ انجام و جدایه‌های قارچی با کشت روی محیط MEA خالص‌سازی شدند. بیماری‌زایی با آزمون گلخانه‌ای تأیید و گونة قارچ با استفاده از توالی‌یابی ناحیة ITS شناسایی گردید. نقشة پراکنش توده‌ها با طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده تصاویر سنتینل-۲ با الگوریتم ماشین بردار پشتیبان (SVM) و محاسبه شاخص NDVI تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد تمامی جدایه‌ها با شباهت 100-99٪ به­ عنوانCalonectria pseudonaviculata شناسایی شدند. سطح توده‌های قابل احیا در چشمه‌بلبل ۷۸ هکتار (میانگین NDVIبرابر 0/55)، شفارود ۱۰۵ هکتار (میانگین NDVI برابر 0/38) و در سی‌سنگان 4/2 هکتار (میانگین NDVI برابر 0/23) برآورد شد. اولویت حفاظتی به‌ترتیب به چشمه‌بلبل، شفارود و سی‌سنگان تعلق گرفت. دقت کلی طبقه‌بندی بین 86/5 تا 91/6 درصد بود. این پژوهش برای اولین بار نقشة پراکنش توده‌های باقیماندة شمشاد هیرکانی را ارائه داده و اولویت‌های حفاظتی را مشخص می‌کند. روش‌شناسی ارائه‌شده قابل تعمیم به سایر رویشگاه‌ها بوده و مبنایی برای برنامه‌ریزی احیا و حفاظت از این گونة ارزشمند فراهم می‌آورد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Mapping the distribution of remaining stands of Hyrcanian boxwood using Sentinel-2 Imagery for conservation prioritization)

نویسندگان English

Seyedeh Kosar Hamidi
Hamed Aghajani
Zeinab Khalili
Hamid Jalilvand
Department of Forest Sciences and Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده English

Hyrcanian boxwood (Buxus hyrcana Pojark.) is a valuable relict species from the Tertiary period in the Hyrcanian forests, playing an important role in the stability of this ecosystem. Over the past two decades, widespread decline of boxwood stands, particularly due to the box tree moth and blight disease caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata, has become a serious crisis. Despite the importance of the issue, no comprehensive study has been conducted to map the distribution and conservation prioritization of the remaining stands. The present study was designed to map the distribution of remaining B. hyrcana stands using Sentinel-2 imagery and to prioritize conservation in three key habitats (Cheshmeh-Bolbol, Sisangan, and Shafaroud). Field sampling was conducted in summer 2025, and fungal isolates were purified on MEA culture medium. Pathogenicity was confirmed through greenhouse tests, and the fungal species was identified using ITS region sequencing. Distribution maps of the stands were prepared using supervised classification of Sentinel-2 images with Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and NDVI calculation. The results showed all isolates were identified as Calonectria pseudonaviculata with 99–100% similarity. The area of restorable stands was estimated at 78 ha (mean NDVI= 0.55) in Cheshmeh-Bolbol, 105 ha (mean NDVI= 0.38) in Shafaroud, and 4.2 ha (mean NDVI= 0.23) in Sisangan. Conservation priorities were assigned to Cheshmeh-Bolbol, Shafaroud, and Sisangan, respectively. Overall classification accuracy ranged from 86.5% to 91.6%. This study presents, for the first time, the distribution map of remaining B. hyrcana stands and determines conservation priorities. The proposed methodology can be generalized to other habitats and provides a basis for restoration planning and in situ conservation of this valuable species.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

;">Boxwood blight, ;">Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Conservation prioritization, Hyrcanian boxwood, ;">NDVI, Sentinel-2, ;">SVM classification.
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