نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تأثیر قطعه‌قطعه شدن بر فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گونههای گیاهی (مطالعة جنگل‌های زاگرس، استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه جنگل، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام. ایران.
2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام. ایران.
3 خش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.411266.2893
چکیده
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر قطعه‌قطعه شدن عرصه‌های جنگلی در اثر تغییر­کاربری به زراعت دیم بر ترکیب فلوریستیکی، اشکال زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گونه‌های گیاهی در جنگل‌های زاگرس انجام شد. در این مطالعه، نمونه­برداری از پوشش گیاهی در مرکز و حاشیه لکه‌های کوچک ( ۱-۳ هکتار) و بزرگ ( ۸-۱۲ هکتار) و عرصه زراعی (کشت گندم دیم) و جنگل پیوسته (حدود 150 هکتار به‌عنوان شاهد) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مجموع 60 گونة گیاهی متعلق به 19 تیره در منطقه وجود دارد. بیشترین غنا در جنگل شاهد (42 گونه) و کمترین در مزرعه (۱۹ گونه) ثبت گردید. در سایر موقعیت‌ها شامل مرکز لکه‌های بزرگ، حاشیۀ لکه‌های بزرگ، مرکز لکه‌های کوچک و حاشیۀ لکه‌های کوچک به‌ترتیب 32، ۳۰، ۳۰ و ۲۸ گونه ثبت شد. خانوادة Asteraceae در اغلب موقعیت‌ها بیشترین تعداد گونه را داشت و خانوادة Fabaceaeدر جنگل شاهد و مرکز لکه‌های بزرگ با ۸ گونه غالب بود. از نظر شکل زیستی، تروفیت‌ها در همة موقعیت‌ها غالب بودند. بیشترین تنوع اشکال زیستی در جنگل شاهد و کمترین در مزرعة مشاهده شد. از نظر کوروتیپ، عناصر ایرانتورانمدیترانه و ایرانتورانی در همة موقعیت‌ها غالب بودند. بررسی ترکیب فلوریستیکی جنگل شاهد با مرکز و حاشیة لکه‌های بزرگ و کوچک نشان داد که در هر دو اندازة لکه، بخش مرکزی نسبت به حاشیه، شباهت بیشتری به جنگل شاهد (مرکزی لکة بزرگ-شاهد 19 و مرکزی لکة کوچک-شاهد: 4 گونة مشترک) دارد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که قطعه‌قطعه شدن و تغییر­کاربری اراضی سبب کاهش غنای گونه‌ای و در نتیجه کاهش پایداری اکولوژیک در جنگل‌های زاگرس می‌شود. ازاین‌رو، حفاظت از لکه‌های بزرگ جنگلی، جلوگیری از توسعه‌ی لکه‌های کوچک، و بازسازی زیستگاه‌های تخریب‌شده از طریق کشت حفاظتی و اتصال قطعات کوچک، برای کاهش اثر حاشیه‌ای، نقش اساسی در حفظ تنوع زیستی، پایداری و باززایی اکولوژیک جنگل‌های زاگرس دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Impact of forest fragmentation on flora, life form, and chorology of plant species (Zagros forests, Ilam province)

نویسندگان English

Atefeh Rezaei 1
Mehdi Heydari 1
Reza Omidipour 2
Nahid Jafareiyan 3
Narges Pordel 1
1 Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
3 Research Division of forests, Rangelands and Watershed, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده English

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fragmentation of forest areas due to land-use change to rainfed agriculture on floristic composition, life forms, and geographical distribution of plant species in the Zagros forests. In this study, vegetation sampling was carried out in the core and edge of small patches (1–3 ha) and large patches (8–12 ha), as well as in agricultural lands (rainfed wheat cultivation) and continuous forest (approximately 150 ha) as a reference. The results showed that a total of 60 plant species belonging to 19 families occur in the region. The highest richness was recorded in the reference forest (42 species) and the lowest in the agricultural field (19 species). In other positions, including large patch core, large patch edge, small patch core, and small patch edge, 32, 30, 30, and 28 species were recorded, respectively. The family Asteraceae had the highest number of species in most positions, and the family Fabaceae was dominant in the reference forest and large patch core with 8 species. Regarding life forms, therophytes were dominant in all positions. The highest diversity of life forms was observed in the reference forest and the lowest in the agricultural field. In terms of chorotypes, Irano-Turanian-Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian elements were dominant in all positions. Comparison of floristic composition between the reference forest and the core and edge of large and small patches revealed that in both patch sizes, the core areas showed greater similarity to the reference forest than the edges (large patch core–reference forest: 19 shared species; small patch core–reference forest: 4 shared species). The results indicated that fragmentation and land-use change caused a reduction in species richness and consequently a decrease in ecological sustainability in the Zagros forests. Therefore, conservation of large forest patches, prevention of small patch development, and restoration of degraded habitats through conservation agriculture and connecting small fragments to reduce edge effects can play an essential role in maintaining biodiversity, stability, and ecological restoration of the Zagros forests.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

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