نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تحلیل شبکه‌ای عوامل اجتماعی و مدل‌سازی مکانی نقاط داغ تعارض بین جوامع محلی و پلنگ ایرانی (Panthera pardus tulliana) در استان لرستان، زاگرس مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت. ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.412540.2906
چکیده
تعارض بین جوامع محلی و پلنگ‌ (Panthera pardus) یکی از موضوعات پیچیده در مدیریت و حفاظت از این گونه با ارزش است، که تحت تاثیر زیست‌شناسی گونه، نگرش‌های اجتماعی و سیاسی و برنامه‌های مدیریتی قرار دارد. بنابراین، درک عواملی که در پیچیدگی تعارض موثرند، برای توسعة راهبردهای مناسب در کاهش این تعارضات بسیار حیاتی است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی سطح تعارضات بین پلنگ و جوامع محلی در محدودة استان لرستان واقع در گسترة زاگرس مرکزی است. به‌منظور بررسی نگرش مردم محلی نسبت به پلنگ و همچنین شناسایی عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی مؤثر بر تعارض بین پلنگ و منافع انسانی، پرسشنامه­ای تخصصی طراحی شد و به‌شیوة تصادفی و مصاحبة حضوری توسط جوامع محلی ساکن در داخل زیستگاه‌های پلنگ در سراسر استان تکمیل گردید. برای بررسی آسیب­ پذیری جوامع محلی در مقابل حملة پلنگ از تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی استفاده شد. نقاط داغ تعارض با استفاده از ابزارهای تابع تراکم کرنل و تحلیل نقاط داغ تعدیل‌شده مدل‌سازی شدند. علاوه بر این، برای شناسایی مناطق دارای ریسک تلفات جاده­ای از ابزار تابع تراکم کرنل استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل شبکه نشان داد که مزاحمت عمدی برای پلنگ، برخورد ناگهانی با پلنگ، تخریب زیستگاه­ ها، عدم دانش کافی در خصوص رفتار پلنگ و خشکسالی به ­ترتیب بیشترین مرکزیت، نزدیکی و بینابینی را در بین عوامل مؤثر بر حملة پلنگ به انسان و دام اهلی دارند. مناطق داغ حملات پلنگ به انسان و دام اهلی در بخش‌هایی از غرب، مرکز، جنوب و شرق محدودة مورد مطالعه شناسایی شدند. بخش مهمی از کانون‌های تعارضات و همچنین مناطق داغ احتمال تصادف جاده­ای پلنگ در مناطق حفاظت شده به‌ویژه منطقة حفاظت شده سفیدکوه شناسایی شدند. براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، مدیریت اثربخش چالش‌های مرتبط با تعارضات گوشت‌خواران بزرگ‌جثه مستلزم شناسایی مداخلات و انجام اقدامات کارآمدی است که می‌توانند ریسک درگیری و یا اثرات منفی این تعارضات بر معیشت جوامع محلی را کاهش دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Social network analysis and spatial modeling of human-leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana) conflict hotspots in Lorestan province, Central Zagros, Iran

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh 1
Alireza Mohammadi 2
1 Department Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده English

Human–leopard (Panthera pardus) conflict is a complex issue shaped by species biology, social and political attitudes, and management practices. Therefore, understanding the factors driving these conflicts is crucial for developing appropriate strategies to reduce theme. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of human–leopard conflict within Lorestan Province, located in the Central Zagros region. To investigate local people's attitudes toward leopards and identify the socioeconomic factors affecting human–leopard conflict, a structured questionnaire tailored to local conditions was designed and administered through random face-to-face interviews with 54 participants from local communities living within leopard habitats across Lorestan Province. Social network analysis was used to examine the vulnerability of local communities to leopard attacks. Conflict hotspots were modeled using kernel density estimation and the optimized hotspot analysis hotspot analysis. In addition, kernel density estimation was used to identify areas at risk of road casualties. The results of the network analysis showed that leopard provocation, sudden encounters with leopards, habitat destruction, lack of sufficient knowledge about leopard behavior, and drought have the highest centrality, proximity, and intermediation, respectively, among the factors affecting leopard attacks on humans and livestock. Hotspots for leopard attacks on humans and livestock were identified in parts of the west, center, south, and east of the study area. A significant portion of the conflict hotspots as well as hotspots for leopard road accidents were identified in protected areas, especially the Sefidkooh protected area. Based on the findings of this study, effective management of the challenges associated with human–large carnivore conflicts requires identifying interventions and implementing effective measures that can reduce the risk of conflict and/or the negative impacts of these conflicts on the livelihoods of local communities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

;">Education of local communities, ;">Large carnivores, ;">Protected areas, ;">Social triggers, ;">Wildlife- human conflicts.
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