بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر سطح تعارضات بین خرس قهوهای و جوامع محلی در زاگرس شمالی
نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی محیطزیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیطزیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت. ایران.
10.22059/jne.2026.410345.2887
چکیده
تعارض بین انسان و گوشتخواران بزرگجثه بهویژه خرس قهوهای بهعنوان چالشی پیچیده در عرصة حفاظت و تهدیدی جدی برای بقای گونهها و معیشت جوامع روستایی در زاگرس محسوب میشود. این مطالعه با بهرهگیری از رویکرد تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی و با هدف تبیین ساختار علّی-ارتباطی مؤلفههای تعارض و راهکارهای مدیریت مشارکتی، به بررسی نظاممند دیدگاههای ۱۸۳ نفر از ذینفعان محلی در استان کرمانشاه پرداخته است. نتایج تحلیل شبکه نشان داد که "تحریک خرس" و "برخورد ناگهانی" بهعنوان گرههای مرکزی با بیشترین درجه و بینابینی، نقش کلیدی در تشدید تعارضات ایفا میکنند. خشکسالی، تخریب زیستگاه و دانش ناکافی جوامع محلی بهعنوان عوامل زمینهساز، شبکه تعارض را تقویت کردهاند. از منظر جامعة محلی، راهکارهای "پرداخت خسارت" و "آموزش" دارای بیشترین مرکزیت و قدرت اثر در شبکة کاهش تعارض شناسایی شدند، درحالیکه راهکارهای قهری نظیر حذف فیزیکی کمترین پذیرش را داشت. این یافتهها بر ضرورت طراحی یک الگوی مدیریتی یکپارچه مبتنی بر سه محور "توانمندسازی جوامع محلی"، "نهادینهسازی نظام جبران خسارت" و "اجرای راهکارهای پیشگیرانه غیرکشنده" تأکید دارد. تلفیق دانش بومی و علمی در قالب برنامههای مشارکتی میتواند نهتنها تعارضات را کاهش دهد، بلکه زمینهساز همزیستی پایدار و حفاظت مؤثر از این گونة چتر در اکوسیستمهای زاگرس شمالی شود.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Factors affecting the intensity of human-brown bear conflict in northern Zagros, Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh 1
- Alireza Mohammadi 2
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Human-large carnivore conflict, particularly involving the brown bear (Ursus arctos), represents a complex conservation challenge that seriously threatens both species survival and rural livelihoods in the Northern Zagros. Utilizing a social network analysis approach, this study systematically examined the causal-relational structure of conflict drivers and participatory management strategies based on the perspectives of 183 local stakeholders in Kermanshah Province. Network analysis revealed that "bear provocation" and "sudden encounters" function as central nodes with the highest degree and betweenness centrality, playing a pivotal role in escalating conflicts. Drought, habitat destruction, and insufficient local knowledge were identified as underlying factors that reinforce the conflict network. From the local community's viewpoint, "compensation payment" and "education" emerged as the strategies with the greatest centrality and influence within the conflict mitigation network, whereas punitive measures such as lethal removal garnered the least acceptance. These findings underscore the necessity for designing an integrated management model based on three pillars: "community empowerment," "institutionalizing a compensation system," and "implementing non-lethal preventive measures. Integrating local and scientific knowledge through participatory programs can not only mitigate conflicts but also foster sustainable coexistence and effective conservation of this umbrella species in the ecosystems of the Northern Zagros.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Conflict management
- Human-wildlife conflict
- Kermanshah
- Large carnivores
- Local communities
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