نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تأثیر نوسانات هیدرولوژیک و خشکسالی بر تنوع پرندگان مهاجر تالاب گندمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.401385.2837

چکیده

تالاب گندمان، یکی از اکوسیستم‌های حساس و کلیدی در ایران است که نقش مهمی در تأمین زیستگاه و چرخة مهاجرت پرندگان مهاجر دارد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر نوسانات سطح آب تالاب و خشکسالی بر فراوانی و تنوع پرندگان مهاجر در بازة زمانی ۱۳۹۰ تا ۱۴۰۲ است. شامل شاخص استاندارد شده بارش (SPI)، میانگین دمای سالانه و شاخص پوشش آب سطحی (NDWI) با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای Landsat استخراج و با بهره‌گیری از آزمون ناپارامتری من‌-کندال و تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شد. داده‌های حاصل از سرشماری‌های میدانی پرندگان در بازة زمانی مورد مطالعه به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان‌دهندة کاهش معنی‌دار سطح تالاب (2/68- =Z و 5/83- =Sen’s slope) همزمان با افزایش دما و کاهش بارندگی بود که منجر به کاهش محسوس تنوع گونه‌ای (نمایه‌های شانون و سیمپسون) و یکنواختی پرندگان (کامارگو و سیمپسون) گردید. همبستگی مثبت تنوع با شاخص پوشش آب (0/68 =r)، خشکسالی (0/52 =r)، بارندگی سالانه (0/50 =r) و همبستگی معکوس آن با دما (0/38- =r) نشان‌دهندة حساسیت بالای تالاب به تغییرات اقلیمی است. کاهش یکنواختی جمعیت پرندگان در سال‌های خشک، به‌معنای غالب بودن برخی گونه‌ها و تغییر ترکیب گونه‌ای تالاب است. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تالاب گندمان با کاهش سطح آبی و افزایش دما مواجه بوده که این تغییرات با کاهش تنوع و یکنواختی پرندگان همراه است. اهمیت این تالاب در چرخة مهاجرت پرندگان ایجاب می‌کند که اقدامات حفاظتی هدفمند و برنامه‌ریزی‌شده با تلفیق داده‌های سنجش از دور، پارامترهای اقلیمی و مشاهدات میدانی انجام شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of hydrological fluctuations and drought on the diversity of migratory birds in the Gandoman Wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marziyeh Ghaffari Farsani
  • Mansoureh Malekian

Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The Gandoman Wetland, one of Iran’s vital habitats, serves as an important stopover and habitat for migratory birds. This study aimed to analyze the effects of hydrological fluctuations and drought on the diversity and abundance of migratory birds from 2011 to 2023. The standardized precipitation index (SPI), mean annual temperature, and surface water cover index (NDWI) were extracted using Landsat satellite images and analyzed with the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Pearson correlation analysis. Field bird census data were collected between 2011 and 2023. The results showed a significant decreasing trend in NDWI (Z= −2.68, Sen's slope= −5.83) of the wetland surface, simultaneously with increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall, which led to a significant decline in species diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) and bird evenness (Camargo and Simpson indices). The positive correlation of NDWI with SPI (r= 0.48) and annual rainfall (r= 0.50), along with a negative correlation with temperature (r= −0.58), indicates the high sensitivity of the wetland to climate change. The decrease in bird populations evenness during dry years confirms the dominance of certain species and suggests a shift in species composition. Overall, the results indicate that the Gandoman Wetland has experienced a significant decrease in NDWI and an increase in temperature, resulting in a decline in bird diversity and evenness. Given the wetland's critical role in the bird migration cycle, targeted and strategic conservation measures are essential. Such efforts should integrate remote sensing data, climate parameters, and field observations to ensure effective management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diversity indices
  • Drought
  • Gandoman wetland
  • Migratory birds
  • NDWI
  • SPI index
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 78، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 649-661